2014 Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview

2014 Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview PDF Version (2.3 MB)

Preface
Contributing Partners
Section A: Context - Crime and the Criminal Justice System
Section B: Corrections Administration
Section C: Offender Population
Section D: Conditional Release
Section E: Statistics on Special Applications of Criminal Justice
Section F: Victims of Crime

Preface

This document provides a statistical overview of corrections and conditional release within a context of trends in crime and criminal justice. A primary consideration in producing this overview was to present general statistical information in a “user friendly” way that will facilitate understanding by a broad audience. Accordingly, there are a number of features of this document that make it different from typical statistical reports.

First, the visual representation of the statistics is simple and uncluttered, and under each chart there are a few key points that will assist the reader in extracting the information from the chart.
Second, for each chart there is a table of numbers corresponding to the visual representation. In some instances, the table includes additional numbers, e.g., a five-year series, even though the chart depicts the data for the most recent year (e.g., Figure A2).
Third, rather than using the conventional headings for statistics (e.g., “police-reported crime rate by year by type of crime”) the titles for each chart and table inform the reader about the matter at hand (e.g., “Police-reported crime rate has decreased since 1998”).
Fourth, notes have been kept to a minimum, that is, only where they were judged to be essential for the reader to understand the statistics.
Finally, the source of the statistics is indicated under each chart so that the interested reader can easily access more information if desired.

This is the 17^th issue of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview (CCRSO). Readers are advised that in some instances figures have been revised from earlier publications. Also, the total number of offenders will vary slightly depending on characteristics of the data set.

It is hoped that this document will serve as a useful source of statistical information on corrections and conditional release and assist the public in gaining a better understanding of these important components of the criminal justice system.

Regarding police crime data from Statistics Canada, until the late 1980s, the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) survey provided aggregate counts of the number of incidents reported to police and the number of persons charged by type of offence. With the advent of microdata reporting, the UCR has become an “incident-based” survey (UCR2), collecting in-depth information about each criminal incident. The update to this new survey, as well as revisions to the definitions of Violent crime, Property crime, and Other Criminal Code offences has resulted in data only being available from 1998 to the present. It is worth noting that the Total Crime Rates presented in the CCRSO differ from those reported by Statistics Canada in their publications. The Total Crime Rate reported in the CCRSO includes offences (i.e., traffic offences in the Canadian Criminal Code and offences against federal statutes) that are excluded in rates published by Statistics Canada.

Correctional Service Canada (CSC) has shifted the focus of its population counts from offenders serving a federal sentence to offenders under the responsibility of CSC. As such, CSC no longer reports on the status of only those offenders serving a federal sentence. CSC now focuses on the “in custody” and “community” populations under the responsibility of CSC. Some of the more significant changes include: (a) offenders temporarily detained in a CSC facility while their conditional releases are under suspension are now counted as part of the “in custody” population; (b) offenders serving a provincial sentence incarcerated in a CSC facility are now counted as part of the “in custody” population; and (c) offenders who have been deported are no longer counted as part of the “community” population. These changes bring the CSC population figures more in-line with CSC’s financial commitments.

Since 2010 the CCRSO excludes information found in earlier editions on the mental health of federal offenders. No valid and reliable data are available. The Correctional of Service of Canada is in the process of addressing this issue so as to provide reliable and valid information on the mental health issues of federal offenders.

Contributing Partners

Public Safety Canada

Public Safety Canada is Canada’s lead federal department for public safety, which includes emergency management, national security and community safety. Its many responsibilities include developing legislation and policies governing corrections, implementing innovative approaches to community justice, and providing research expertise and resources to the corrections community.

Correctional Service of Canada

The mandate of the Correctional Service of Canada, as set out in the Corrections and Conditional Release Act, is to contribute to the maintenance of a just, peaceful and safe society by carrying out sentences imposed by courts through the safe and humane custody and supervision of offenders with sentences of two years or more, and assisting in the rehabilitation of offenders and their reintegration into the community as law-abiding citizens through the provision of programs in penitentiaries and in the community.

Parole Board of Canada

The Parole Board of Canada is an independent administrative tribunal responsible for making decisions about the timing and conditions of release of offenders to the community on various forms of conditional release. The Board also makes pardon decisions and recommendations respecting clemency through the Royal Prerogative of Mercy.

Office of the Correctional Investigator

The Office of the Correctional Investigator is an ombudsman for federal offenders. It conducts investigations into the problems of offenders related to decisions, recommendations, acts or omissions of the Correctional Service of Canada that affect offenders individually or as a group.

Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics (Statistics Canada)

The Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics (CCJS) is a division of Statistics Canada. The CCJS is the focal point of a federal-provincial-territorial partnership, known as the National Justice Statistics Initiative, for the collection of information on the nature and extent of crime and the administration of civil and criminal justice in Canada.

Section A: Context - Crime and the Criminal Justice System

Police-reported crime rate has been decreasing since 1998

Figure A1

Source: Uniform Crime Reporting Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

The overall crime rate has decreased 33.1% since 1998, from 8,915 per 100,000 to 5,968 in 2013.
Over the same period, there was a 44.8% decrease in the property crime rate, from a rate of 5,696 per 100,000 to 3,146 in 2013. In contrast, the crime rate for drug offences has increased 31.9% since 1998, from 235 per 100,000 population to 310.
The rate of violent crime has fluctuated over the last fifteen years, peaking in 2000 at 1,494 per 100,000 population. Since 2000, the rate of violent crimes has decreased 26.9% to 1,092 in 2013.
In general, the crime rates for traffic offences and other Criminal Code offences have fluctuated since 1998.

Note:

**The definitions for Violent, Property and Other Criminal Code offences have been revised by Statistics Canada to better reflect definitions used by the policing community. As a result of these changes, comparable data are only available starting in 1998 and the data presented in this year’s report are not comparable to the data reported in previous versions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview.

These crime statistics are based on crimes that are reported to the police. Since not all crimes are reported to the police, these figures underestimate actual crime. See Figure F1 for rates based on victimization surveys (drawn from the General Social Survey), an alternative method of measuring crime.

Table A1
Year	Type of offence
Year	Violent**	Property**	Traffic	Other CCC**	Drugs	Other Fed. Statutes	Total*
1998	1,345	5,696	469	1,051	235	119	8,915
1999	1,440	5,345	388	910	264	128	8,474
2000	1,494	5,189	370	924	287	113	8,376
2001	1,473	5,124	393	989	288	123	8,390
2002	1,441	5,080	379	991	296	128	8,315
2003	1,435	5,299	373	1,037	274	115	8,532
2004	1,404	5,123	379	1,072	306	107	8,391
2005	1,389	4,884	378	1,052	290	97	8,090
2006	1,387	4,809	376	1,050	295	87	8,004
2007	1,354	4,525	402	1,029	308	90	7,707
2008	1,334	4,258	437	1,039	308	100	7,475
2009	1,322	4,122	435	1,017	291	94	7,281
2010	1,292	3,838	420	1,029	321	96	6,996
2011	1,236	3,536	424	1,008	330	94	6,627
2012	1,197	3,434	406	1,000	317	103	6,458
2013	1,092	3,146	388	952	310	80	5,968

Source: Uniform Crime Reporting Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:

**The definitions for Violent, Property and Other Criminal Code offences have been revised by Statistics Canada to better reflect definitions used by the policing community. As a result of these changes, comparable data are only available starting in 1998 and the data presented in this year's report are not comparable to the data reported in previous versions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview.

Rates are based on incidents reported per 100,000 population.

Due to rounding, rates may not add to Totals.

Crime rates are higher in the west and highest in the north

Figure A2

Source: Uniform Crime Reporting Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Crime rates are higher in the west and highest in the Territories. This general pattern has been stable over time.
The Canadian crime rate* dropped from 7,281 in 2009 to 5,968 in 2013.

Note:

*Rates are based on 100,000 population.

Unlike Statistics Canada, the Crime Rate in the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview includes traffic offences and offences against federal statutes to provide a measure of all criminal offences. As a result, the Crime Rate reported here is higher than that reported by Statistics Canada. In addition, the definitions for Violent, Property and Other Criminal Code offences have been revised by Statistics Canada to better reflect definitions used by the policing community. As a result of these changes, comparable data are only available starting in 1998 and the data presented in this year's report are not comparable to the data reported in previous versions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview.

Table A2
Province/Territory	Crime Rate *
Province/Territory	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013
Newfoundland & Labrador	7,263	7,535	7,136	6,838	6,677
Prince Edward Island	7,132	7,141	7,290	7,356	6,509
Nova Scotia	7,749	7,837	7,343	7,141	6,401
New Brunswick	6,397	6,339	6,063	6,275	5,444
Quebec	5,832	5,553	5,295	5,199	4,699
Ontario	5,310	5,073	4,796	4,611	4,189
Manitoba	11,359	10,650	9,866	9,745	8,725
Saskatchewan	14,358	14,309	14,121	13,536	12,477
Alberta	9,556	9,073	8,372	8,187	7,870
British Columbia	10,295	9,814	9,308	9,068	8,593
Yukon Territory	25,362	23,069	22,544	22,598	25,741
Northwest Territories	46,288	51,585	52,300	51,277	48,669
Nunavut	39,356	41,025	39,443	40,570	34,354
Canada	7,281	6,996	6,627	6,458	5,968

Source: Uniform Crime Reporting Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:

*Rates are based on 100,000 population.

Canada's incarceration rate is high relative to most western European countries

Figure A3

Source: World Prison Population List online (retrieved December 8, 2014 at http://www.prisonstudies.org/world-prison-brief).

Canada's incarceration rate is higher than the rates in most Western European countries but much lower than the United States, where the most recent incarceration rate was 707 per 100,000 general population.
Based on the most up to date information available from the International Centre for Prison Studies, Canada's incarceration rate was 118 per 100,000, calculated based on the 2012 population.

Note:

The incarceration rate, in this figure, is a measure of the number of people (i.e., adults and youth) in custody per 100,000 people in the general population. Incarceration rates from the World Prison Population List are based on the most recently available data at the time the list was compiled. Due to variations in the availability of information, the 2006 and 2008 dates reported in Figure A3 refer to when the World Prison Population Lists (Seventh and Eighth Editions respectively) were published, but may not necessarily correspond to the date the data were obtained. For 2014, the data was retrieved online on December 8, 2014 from http://www.prisonstudies.org/world-prison-brief which contains the most up-to-date information available. These data reflect incarceration rates based on the country's population. Additionally, different practices and variations in measurement in different countries limit the comparability of these figures.

Table A3
	2001	2002	2003	2004	2006^1*	2008^2*	2011^3*	2012^⁴*	2013^⁵*	2014^6*
United States	700	701	714	723	738	756	743	730	716	707
New Zealand	145	155	168	168	186	185	199	194	192	190
England & Wales	125	141	142	141	148	153	155	154	148	149
Scotland	120	129	132	136	139	152	155	151	147	144
Australia	110	115	117	120	126	129	133	129	130	143
Canada	116	116	108	107	107	116	117	114	118	118
Italy	95	100	98	96	104	92	110	109	106	88
Austria	85	100	106	110	105	95	104	104	98	99
France	80	93	91	91	85	96	102	102	101	102
Germany	95	98	96	98	95	89	87	83	79	81
Switzerland	90	68	81	81	83	76	79	76	82	87
Sweden	65	73	75	81	82	74	78	70	67	57
Denmark	60	64	70	70	77	63	74	74	73	67
Norway	60	59	65	65	66	69	73	73	72	75
Finland	50	70	71	66	75	64	59	59	58	55

Source: International Centre for Prison Studies: ¹ World Prison Population List (Seventh Edition); ² World Prison Population List (Eighth Edition); ³ World Prison Population List online (retrieved October 7, 2011 at www.prisonstudies.org/info/worldbrief/index.php), ⁴ World Prison Population List online (retrieved October 15, 2012 at www.prisonstudies.org/info/worldbrief/index.php).⁵ World Prison Population List online (retrieved November 20, 2013 at www.prisonstudies.org/info/worldbrief/index.php). ⁶World Prison Population List online (retrieved December 8, 2014 at http://www.prisonstudies.org/world-prison-brief).

Note:

*Incarceration rates from the World Prison Population List are based on the most recently available data at the time the list was compiled. Due to variations in the availability of information, the 2006 and 2008 dates reported in Table A3 refer to when the World Prison Population Lists (Seventh and Eighth Editions respectively) were published, but may not necessarily correspond to the date the data were obtained. For 2014, the data was retrieved online on December 8, 2014 from http://www.prisonstudies.org/world-prison-brief which contains the most up to date information available. Additionally, different practices and variations in measurement in different countries limit the comparability of these figures. Rates are based on 100,000 population.

The rate of adults charged has declined

Figure A4

Source: Uniform Crime Reporting Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Since 1998, the rate of adults charged has decreased from 2,236 adults per 100,000 to 1,889 in 2013, a decrease of 15.6%.
Over the same period, the rate of adults charged with violent crimes decreased by 11.4%, such that in 2013, 499 adults were charged per 100,000. Whereas the rate of adults charged for property offences has decreased 39.1% from 677 adults per 100,000 to 412 in 2013.

Note:

Violent crimes include homicide, attempted murder, assault, sexual offences, abduction, extortion, robbery, firearms, and other violent offences such as uttering threats and criminal harassment.

Property crimes include break and enter, motor vehicle thefts, other thefts, possession of stolen property, fraud, mischief and arson.

Table A4
Year	Type of offence
Year	Violent**	Property**	Traffic	Other CCC**	Drugs	Other Fed. Statutes	Total Charged*
1998	563	677	374	430	168	24	2,236
1999	590	632	371	396	185	30	2,203
2000	615	591	349	411	198	26	2,190
2001	641	584	349	451	202	28	2,256
2002	617	569	336	460	199	29	2,211
2003	598	573	326	476	172	23	2,168
2004	584	573	314	490	187	30	2,180
2005	589	550	299	479	185	29	2,131
2006	594	533	300	498	198	27	2,150
2007	577	499	298	521	208	28	2,132
2008	576	487	307	540	207	31	2,149
2009	585	490	311	532	201	34	2,152
2010	576	473	295	545	211	32	2,132
2011	548	441	271	527	213	34	2,034
2012	541	434	268	535	202	37	2,016
2013	499	412	241	514	198	26	1,889

Source: Uniform Crime Reporting Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:

**The definitions for Violent, Property and Other Criminal Code offences have been revised by Statistics Canada to better reflect definitions used by the policing community. As a result of these changes, comparable data are only available starting in 1998 and the data presented in this year’s report are not comparable to the data reported in previous versions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview.

Rates are based on 100,000 population, 18 years of age and older.

Due to rounding, rates may not add to Totals.

Violent crimes include homicide, attempted murder, assault, sexual offences, abduction, extortion, robbery, firearms, and other violent offences such as uttering threats and criminal harassment.

Property crimes include break and enter, motor vehicle thefts, other thefts, possession of stolen property, fraud, mischief and arson.

Administration of justice cases account for 22% of cases* in adult courts

Figure A5

Source: Adult Criminal Court Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Administration of justice cases (offences related to case proceedings such as failure to appear in court, failure to comply with a court order, breach of probation, and unlawfully at large) account for more than one fifth of cases completed in adult criminal courts.
Apart from administration of justice cases, impaired driving and theft are the most frequent case in adult courts.

Note:

*Cases completed in adult criminal courts.

The concept of a case has changed to more closely reflect court processing. Statistics from the Adult Criminal Court Survey used in this report should not be compared to editions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview prior to 2007. A case is one or more charges against an accused person or corporation, processed by the courts at the same time, and where all of the charges in the case received a final disposition. Where a case has more than one charge, it is necessary to select a charge to represent the case. An offence is selected by applying two rules. First, the “most serious decision” rule is applied. In cases where two or more offences have the same decision, the “most serious offence” rule is applied. All charges are ranked according to an offence seriousness scale.

Superior Court data are not reported to the Adult Criminal Court Survey for Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba and Saskatchewan. In addition, information from Quebec's municipal courts is not collected.

The Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics continues to make updates to the offence library used to classify offence data sent by the provinces and territories. These improvements have resulted in minor changes in the counts of charges and cases as well as the distributions by type of offence. Data presented have been revised to account for these updates.

Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100 percent.

Table A5
Type of Charge	Criminal Code and Other Federal Statute Charges
Type of Charge		2009-10		2010-11		2011-12
	#	%	#	%	#	%
Crimes Against the Person	96,688	23.58	94,720	23.10	91,697	23.73
Homicide and Related	279	0.07	296	0.07	263	0.07
Attempted Murder	197	0.05	156	0.04	153	0.04
Robbery	4,472	1.09	4,223	1.03	3,804	0.98
Sexual Assault	4,092	1.00	4,087	1.00	3,949	1.02
Other Sexual Offences	2,062	0.50	2,338	0.57	2,252	0.58
Major Assault (Levels 2 & 3)	21,909	5.34	21,251	5.18	20,607	5.33
Common Assault (Level 1)	38,609	9.42	37,990	9.27	37,063	9.59
Uttering Threats	18,607	4.54	17,925	4.37	17,427	4.51
Criminal Harassment	3,200	0.78	3,284	0.80	3,242	0.84
Other Crimes Against Persons	3,261	0.80	3,170	0.77	2,937	0.76
Crimes Against Property	98,180	23.94	97,914	23.88	89,869	23.25
Theft	42,472	10.36	43,040	10.50	39,816	10.30
Break and Enter	11,708	2.86	11,497	2.80	10,672	2.76
Fraud	15,196	3.71	14,718	3.59	12,534	3.24
Mischief	14,843	3.62	14,832	3.62	14,193	3.67
Possession of Stolen Property	11,982	2.92	12,014	2.93	11,061	2.86
Other Property Crimes	1,979	0.48	1,813	0.44	1,593	0.41
Administration of Justice	84,684	20.65	85,947	20.96	83,987	21.73
Fail to Appear	4,764	1.16	5,112	1.25	4,556	1.18
Breach of probation	31,583	7.70	31,554	7.70	31,574	8.17
Unlawfully at large	2,529	0.62	2,563	0.63	2,615	0.68
Fail to Comply with Order	36,825	8.98	37,781	9.22	36,665	9.49
Other Admin. Justice	8,983	2.19	8,937	2.18	8,577	2.22
Other Criminal Code	19,475	4.75	18,999	4.63	16,556	4.28
Weapons	10,109	2.47	9,984	2.44	9,463	2.45
Prostitution	1,719	0.42	1,584	0.39	1,030	0.27
Disturbing the Peace	1,756	0.43	1,786	0.44	1,406	0.36
Residual Criminal Code	5,891	1.44	5,645	1.38	4,657	1.21
Criminal Code Traffic	61,244	14.94	61,185	14.92	53,022	13.72
Impaired Driving	49,462	12.06	49,520	12.08	42,053	10.88
Other CC Traffic	11,782	2.87	11,665	2.85	10,969	2.84
Other Federal Statutes	49,780	12.14	51,192	12.49	51,320	13.28
Drug Possession	15,442	3.77	16,498	4.02	16,787	4.34
Other Drug Offences	13,124	3.20	12,875	3.14	12,243	3.17
Residual Federal Statutes	21,214	5.17	21,819	5.32	22,290	5.77
Total Offences	410,051	100.0	409,957	100.00	386,451	100.00

Source: Adult Criminal Court Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:

*Cases completed in adult criminal courts.

The concept of a case has changed to more closely reflect court processing. Statistics from the Adult Criminal Court Survey used in this report should not be compared to editions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview prior to 2007. Superior Court data are not reported to the Adult Criminal Court Survey for Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba and Saskatchewan. In addition, information from Quebec’s municipal courts is not collected. The Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics continues to make updates to the offence library used to classify offence data sent by the provinces and territories. These improvements have resulted in minor changes in the counts of charges and cases as well as the distributions by type of offence. Data presented have been revised to account for these updates.

Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100 percent.

Most adult custodial sentences ordered by the court are short

Figure A6

Source: Adult Criminal Court Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Over half (54.2%) of all custodial sentences imposed by adult criminal courts are one month or less.
Prison sentences for men tend to be longer than for women. About two-thirds (67.8%) of women and just over half of men (52.9%) who are incarcerated upon guilty* finding receive a sentence of one month or less, and 91.6% of women and 86.1% of men receive a sentence of six months or less.
Of all guilty findings that result in custody, only 3.6% result in federal jurisdiction (i.e., a sentence of two years or more).

Note:

*The type of decision group “guilty” includes guilty of the offence, of an included offence, of an attempt of the offence, or of an attempt of an included offence. This category also includes cases where an absolute or conditional discharge has been imposed.

Excludes cases where length of prison sentence and/or sex was not known, data for Manitoba as information on sentence length was not available.

Due to rounding, totals may not add to 100 percent.

Table A6
Length of Prison Sentence	2007-08	2008-09	2009-10	2010-11	2011-12
	%	%	%	%	%
1 Month or Less
Women	69.6	67.6	67.7	66.7	67.8
Men	53.5	53.9	53.6	51.4	52.9
Total	55.0	55.1	54.8	52.7	54.2

More Than 1 Month to 6 Months
Women	22.3	24.2	23.3	24.7	23.8
Men	31.6	31.5	31.6	33.9	33.2
Total	30.7	30.8	30.7	32.9	32.2

More Than 6 Months to 12 Months
Women	4.3	4.2	4.4	3.8	4.3
Men	7.0	6.9	6.7	6.8	6.5
Total	6.8	6.8	6.6	6.6	6.4

More Than 1 Year to Less Than 2 Years
Women	1.9	1.9	2.2	2.4	2.1
Men	3.7	3.7	3.7	3.6	3.6
Total	3.6	3.6	3.7	3.6	3.5

2 Years or More
Women	1.9	2.1	2.3	2.4	2.0
Men	4.2	4.0	4.4	4.4	3.8
Total	4.0	3.8	4.2	4.2	3.6

Source: Adult Criminal Court Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:

Excludes cases where length of prison sentence and/or sex was not known, data for Manitoba as information on both sentence length was not available.

Superior Court data are not reported to the Adult Criminal Court Survey for Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba and Saskatchewan. In addition, information from Quebec's municipal courts is not collected.

Due to rounding, totals may not add to 100 percent.

Relatively few crimes result in sentences to federal penitentiaries

Figure A7

Source: ¹ Uniform Crime Reporting Survey, Adult Criminal Court Survey, and Adult Correctional Services Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada; ² Correctional Service Canada.

There were about 2.1 million incidents reported to police in 2013.
During 2013-14, 5,146 offenders were sentenced to federal jurisdiction (i.e., two years or more).

Note:

**This figure only includes cases in provincial court and partial data from Superior Court. Superior Court data are not reported to the Adult Criminal Court Survey for Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba and Saskatchewan. Information from Quebec's municipal courts is not collected.

Police data are reported on a calendar year basis whereas court and prison data are reported on a fiscal year basis (April 1 through March 31).

Table A7
	2009-10	2010-11	2011-12	2012-13	2013-14
Total Number of Offences Reported to Police¹	2,448,654	2,379,130	2,275,917	2,244,458	2,098,302
Cases with guilty* findings in Adult Criminal Court^1**	266,430	261,325	246,984	Not available	Not available
Sentenced Admissions to Provincial/Territorial Custody^1***	88,982	87,770	86,661	Not available	Not available
Warrant of Committal Admissions to Federal Facilities²	5,220	5,425	5,108	5,111	5,146

Note:

**This figure only includes cases convicted in provincial court and partial data from Superior Court. Superior Court data are not reported to the Adult Criminal Court Survey for Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba and Saskatchewan. Information from Quebec's municipal courts is not collected.

Police data are reported on a calendar year basis whereas court and prison data are reported on a fiscal year basis (April 1 through March 31).

The rate of youth charged has declined over the past seven years

Figure A8

Source: Uniform Crime Reporting Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

The rate of youth** charged has declined over the past seven years.
In 2003, there was a notable decrease in all major crime categories, in part attributable to the implementation of the Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA) in April 2003, which places greater emphasis on diversion.
The rate of youth charged with property crimes have decreased since 1998 by 71% from 2,500 per 100,00 youth to 725 in 2013.
The rate of youth charged with violent crimes have decreased 40% since reaching its peak in 2001 from 1,157 per 100,000 youth to 697 in 2013.

Note:

*Unlike Statistics Canada, the Total Crime Rate in the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview includes traffic offences and offences against federal statutes to provide a measure of all criminal offences. As a result, the Total Crime Rate reported here is higher than that reported by Statistics Canada. In addition, the definitions for Violent, Property and Other Criminal Code offences have been revised by Statistics Canada to better reflect definitions used by the policing community. As a result of these changes, comparable data are only available starting in 1998 and the data presented in this year's report are not comparable to the data reported in previous versions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview.

**For criminal justice purposes, youth are defined under Canadian law as persons aged 12 to 17 years.

Rates are based on 100,000 youth population (12 to 17 years).

Violent crimes include homicide, attempted murder, assault, sexual offences, abduction, extortion, robbery, firearms, and other violent offences such as uttering threats and criminal harassment.

Property crimes include break and enter, motor vehicle thefts, other thefts, possession of stolen property, fraud, mischief and arson.

Table A8
Year	Type of Offence
Year	Violent*	Property*	Traffic	Other CCC*	Drugs	Other Fed. Statutes	Total Charged*
1998	994	2,500	--	870	226	184	4,775
1999	1,060	2,237	--	728	266	209	4,500
2000	1,136	2,177	--	760	317	198	4,589
2001	1,157	2,119	--	840	343	195	4,656
2002	1,102	2,009	--	793	337	235	4,476
2003	953	1,570	--	726	208	204	3,662
2004	918	1,395	--	691	230	222	3,457
2005	924	1,276	--	660	214	212	3,287
2006	917	1,216	--	680	240	216	3,269
2007	943	1,211	75	732	260	239	3,461
2008	909	1,130	74	730	267	259	3,369
2009	888	1,143	68	698	238	260	3,294
2010	860	1,035	62	669	255	266	3,147
2011	805	903	58	635	263	251	2,915
2012	764	840	58	628	240	235	2,765
2013	697	725	44	555	234	192	2,447

Source: Uniform Crime Reporting Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:

**Data for Youth Charged and Youth Not Charged for Impaired Driving are not available prior to 2007. As a result, comparisons to Total Charged and Other CCC (including traffic) over time should be made with caution.

For criminal justice purposes, youth are defined under Canadian law as persons aged 12 to 17 years.

Rates are based on 100,000 youth population (12 to 17 years).

Violent crimes include homicide, attempted murder, assault, sexual offences, abduction, extortion, robbery, firearms, and other violent offences such as uttering threats and criminal harassment.

Property crimes include break and enter, motor vehicle thefts, other thefts, possession of stolen property, fraud, mischief and arson.

The most common youth court case is theft

Figure A9

Source: Youth Court Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Following the enactment of the Youth Criminal Justice Act in 2003, fewer youth are in court.
Theft is the most common case in youth court.
Homicides and related offences account for 0.1% of all youth cases.
Females account for 23% of all cases, but they account for 36% of common assaults.

Note:

*“Administration of Justice” includes the offences failure to appear, failure to comply, and breach of recognizance.

**Youth Criminal Justice Act offences include failure to comply with a disposition or undertaking, contempt against youth court, assisting a youth to leave a place of custody and harbouring a youth unlawfully at large. Also included are similar offences under the Young Offenders Act, which preceded the Youth Criminal Justice Act.

***“Drug Offences” includes possession and trafficking.

The concept of a case has changed to more closely reflect court processing. Statistics from the Youth Court Survey used in this report should not be compared to editions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview prior to 2007. A case is one or more charges against an accused person or corporation, processed by the courts at the same time, and where all of the charges in the case received a final disposition. Where a case has more than one charge, it is necessary to select a charge to represent the case. An offence is selected by applying two rules. First, the “most serious decision” rule is applied. In cases where two or more offences have the same decision, the “most serious offence” rule is applied. All charges are ranked according to an offence seriousness scale.

Table A9
Type of Case	Number of Youth Court Cases
Type of Case	2007-08	2008-09	2009-10	2010-11	2011-12
Crimes Against the Person	15,395	15,614	14,823	14,275	13,095
Homicide and Attempted Murder	70	76	70	69	53
Robbery	2,637	2,768	2,539	2,605	2,413
Sexual Assault / Other Sexual Offences	1,140	1,283	1,255	1,306	1,252
Major Assault	3,845	3,729	3,561	3,361	2,864
Common Assault	4,696	4,767	4,477	4,208	4,026
Other Crimes Against the Person*	3,007	2,991	2,921	2,726	2,487
Crimes Against Property	22,612	22,219	22,242	20,408	17,240
Theft	8,026	8,262	8,454	7,879	6,577
Break and Enter	5,203	4,855	4,835	4,410	3,738
Fraud	852	818	837	641	521
Mischief	4,362	4,330	4,253	3,752	3,305
Possession of Stolen Property	3,416	3,258	3,249	3,147	2,679
Other Crimes Against Property	753	696	614	579	420
Administration of Justice	6,327	6,353	6,104	5,702	5,233
Failure to comply with order	3,986	4,175	4,045	3,738	3,508
Other Administration of Justice**	2,341	2,178	2,059	1,964	1,725
Other Criminal Code	3,038	3,064	2,967	2,709	2,428
Weapons / Firearms	2,064	2,083	2,016	1,834	1,662
Prostitution	12	17	10	14	4
Disturbing the Peace	207	232	187	165	119
Residual Criminal Code	755	732	754	696	643
Criminal Code Traffic	1,237	1,170	1,118	963	838
Other Federal Statutes	10,101	10,548	9,605	9,437	9,395
Drug Possession	2,725	2,919	2,556	2,560	2,734
Drug Trafficking	1,475	1,459	1,279	1,220	1,246
Youth Criminal Justice Act***	5,649	5,917	5,685	5,603	5,326
Residual Federal Statutes	252	253	85	54	89
Total	58,710	58,968	56,859	53,494	48,229

Source: Youth Court Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:

*“Other Crimes Against the Person” includes the offences uttering threats and criminal harassment.

**“Other Administration of Justice” includes the offences failure to appear, failure to comply, and breach of recognizance.

***Youth Criminal Justice Act offences include failure to comply with a disposition or undertaking, contempt against youth court, assisting a youth to leave a place of custody and harbouring a youth unlawfully at large. Also included are similar offences under the Young Offenders Act, which preceded the Youth Criminal Justice Act.

The most common sentence for youth is probation

Figure A10

Source: Youth Court Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Consistent with the objectives of the YCJA, fewer youth are sentenced to custody. In 2011-12, about 15% of all guilty cases resulted in the youth being sentenced to custody. This compares to 16% of all guilty cases in 2007-08.
In 2011-12, 49% of youth found guilty were given probation as the most serious sentence. This rate has remained relatively stable since the implementation of the YCJA in April 2003.
Of the new YCJA sentences, deferred custody and supervision orders were handed down most frequently. In 2011-12, 4.3% of all guilty cases received such an order as the most serious sentence.

Note:

*“Other Sentence” includes absolute discharge, restitution, prohibition, seizure, forfeiture, compensation, pay purchaser, essays, apologies, counselling programs and conditional discharge, conditional sentence, intensive support and supervision, attendance at non-residential program(s) and reprimand. This category also includes deferred custody and supervision, intensive support and supervision, attendance at non-residential program(s) and reprimand where sentencing data under the Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA) are not available.

Unlike previous years, this data represents the most serious sentence and therefore, sanctions are mutually exclusive. However, each case may receive more than one sentence.

Table A10
Type of Sentence	Gender	Year
Type of Sentence	Gender	2007-08	2008-09	2009-10	2010-11	2011-12
		%	%	%	%	%
Probation	Female	50.4	52.2	50.0	47.5	47.5
	Male	50.3	49.3	50.0	47.5	48.4
	Total	50.8	50.3	50.3	48.2	48.7

Custody	Female	12.9	12.4	12.5	12.6	11.6
	Male	17.5	17.0	16.2	17.2	17.0
	Total	15.9	15.4	14.8	15.5	15.2

Community Service Order	Female	7.9	8.1	9.3	9.4	9.6
	Male	7.2	7.5	8.0	8.5	8.7
	Total	7.6	7.9	8.9	9.1	8.6

Fine	Female	3.9	3.3	2.8	3.2	2.5
	Male	4.7	5.2	4.1	3.7	3.3
	Total	4.5	4.7	3.7	3.6	3.1

Deferred Custody and Supervision	Female	3.2	3.0	4.0	4.3	5.1
	Male	3.6	3.8	4.6	4.7	4.5
	Total	3.4	3.5	4.3	4.4	4.3

Other Sentence*	Female	21.7	21.0	21.4	23.0	23.7
	Male	16.8	17.3	17.0	18.4	18.2
	Total	17.8	18.1	18.0	19.2	19.2

Source: Youth Court Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:

Unlike previous years, this data represents the most serious sentence and therefore, sanctions are mutually exclusive. However, each case may receive more than one sentence.

Section B: Corrections Administration

Expenditures on corrections increased in 2012-13

Figure B1

Source: Correctional Service Canada; Parole Board of Canada; Office of the Correctional Investigator; Statistics Canada Consumer Price Index.

In 2012-13, expenditures on federal corrections in Canada totaled approximately $2.7 billion a slight decrease from 2011-12.
Since 2003-04, expenditures on federal corrections has increased 72.5% from $1.56 billion to $2.69 billion. In constant dollars, this represents an increase of 64.7%.
Provincial/territorial expenditures totaled about $1.92 billion in 2010-11 an increase of 50.7% since 2003-04. In constant dollars, this represents an increase of 37.2%.

Note:

Federal expenditures on corrections include spending by the Correctional Service Canada (CSC), the Parole Board of Canada (PBC), and the Office of the Correctional Investigator (OCI). The expenditures for the CSC include both operating and capital costs. CSC expenditures exclude CORCAN (a Special Operating Agency that conducts industrial operations within penitentiaries).

Constant dollars (2002) represent dollar amounts calculated on a one-year base that adjusts for inflation, thus allowing the yearly amounts to be directly comparable. Changes in the Consumer Price Index were used to calculate constant dollars.

Table B1
Year	Current Dollars				Constant 2002 Dollars
Year	Operating	Capital	Total	Per capita	Operating	Capital	Total	Per capita
	$'000			$	$'000			$
2008-09
CSC	2,024,839	197,992	2,222,831	66.72	1,816,892	177,659	1,994,551	59.86
PBC	48,600	--	48,600	1.46	43,609		43,609	1.31
OCI	3,854	--	3,854	0.12	3,458	0	3,458	0.10
Total	2,077,293	197,992	2,275,285	68.29	1,863,959	177,659	2,041,618	61.28

2009-10
CSC	2,065,085	200,357	2,265,442	67.17	1,878,961	182,299	2,061,261	61.12
PBC	47,300	--	47,300	1.40	43,037		43,037	1.28
OCI	4,375	--	4,375	0.13	3,981	0	3,981	0.12
Total	2,116,760	200,357	2,317,117	68.70	1,925,979	182,299	2,108,278	62.51

2010-11
CSC	2,156,955	22,849	2,379,803	69.73	1,903,834	20,168	2,100,530	61.55
PBC	46,000	--	46,000	1.35	40,602		40,602	1.19
OCI	4,162	--	4,162	0.12	3,674	0	3,674	0.11
Total	2,207,117	22,849	2,429,965	71.20	1,948,109	20,168	2,144,806	62.85

2011-12
CSC	2,313,422	345,327	2,658,750	77.10	2,122,860	316,882	2,439,743	70.75
PBC	52,200	--	52,200	1.51	47,900		47,900	1.39
OCI	4,936	--	4,936	0.14	4,529	0	4,529	0.13
Total	2,370,558	345,327	2,715,886	78.76	2,175,290	316,882	2,492,172	72.27

2012-13
CSC	2,204,005	437,736	2,641,742	75.74	2,040,412	405,245	2,445,658	70.12
PBC	46,500	--	46,500	1.33	43,049	--	43,049	1.23
OCI	4,801	--	4,801	0.14	4,445	--	4,445	0.13
Total	2,255,306	437,736	2,693,043	77.21	2,087,906	405,245	2,493,152	71.48

Source: Correctional Service Canada; Parole Board of Canada; Office of the Correctional Investigator; Statistics Canada Consumer Price Index.

Note:

Due to rounding, constant dollar amounts may not add to “Total”.

Per capita cost is calculated by dividing the total expenditures by the total Canadian population and thus represents the cost per Canadian for federal correctional services.

Constant dollars represent dollar amounts calculated on a one-year base (2002) that adjusts for inflation allowing the yearly amounts to be directly comparable. Changes in the Consumer Price Index were used to calculate constant dollars.

CSC employees are concentrated in custody centres

Figure B2

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

The Correctional Service of Canada (CSC) has a total staff of about 18,000.***
Approximately 77% of CSC staff work in institutions.
Staff employed in community supervision account for 8% of the total.

Note:

*These parole officers are situated within institutions, with the responsibility of preparing offenders for release.

**The “Other” category represents job classifications such as trades and food services.

***CSC has changed its definition of employee. Previously, the total number of employees included casual employees, employees on leave without pay and suspended employees. These categories have been removed from the total as of 2005-06. These numbers represent Indeterminate and Term equal to, or more than 3 months substantive employment; and Employee Status of Active and Paid Leave as of end of fiscal year 2013-14.

Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100 percent.

Table B2
Service Area	March 31, 2006		March 31, 2014
	#		%
Headquarters and Central Services	2,087	14.5	2,752	15.3
Administration	1,699	11.8	2,378	13.2
Health Care	111	0.8	96	0.5
Program Staff	120	0.8	71	0.4
Correctional Officers	28	0.2	13	0.1
Instructors/Supervisors	10	0.1	10	0.1
Parole Officers/Parole Supervisors			2	<0.1
Other*	119	0.8	182	1.0

Custody Centres	11,229	77.8	13,783	76.5
Correctional Officers	5,965	41.3	7,654	42.5
Administration	1,914	13.3	1,918	10.6
Health Care	779	5.4	991	5.5
Program Staff	534	3.7	936	5.2
Parole Officers/Parole Supervisors**	648	4.5	705	3.9
Instructors/Supervisors	387	2.7	422	2.3
Other*	1,002	6.9	1,157	6.4

Community Supervision	1,125	7.8	1,477	8.2
Parole Officers/Parole Supervisors	581	4.0	728	4.0
Administration	315	2.2	373	2.1
Program Staff	172	1.2	281	1.6
Health Care	34	0.2	84	0.5
Correctional Officers	22	0.2	10	0.1
Other*	1	<0.1	1	<0.1
Total***	14,441	100.0	18,012	100.0

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

*These parole officers are situated within institutions, with the responsibility of preparing offenders for release.

**The “Other” category represents job classifications such as trades and food services.

Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100 percent.

The cost of keeping an inmate incarcerated

Figure B3

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

The federal average daily inmate cost has increased from $300 in 2008-09 to $307 in 2012-13.
In 2012-13, the annual average cost of keeping an inmate incarcerated was $112,197 per year, up from $109,699 per year in 2008-09. In 2012-13, the annual average cost of keeping a men inmate incarcerated was$108,376 per year, whereas the annual average cost for incarcerating a women inmate was $210,695.
The cost associated with maintaining an offender in the community is 70% less than what it costs to maintain an offender in custody ($33,799 per year versus $112,197 per year).

Note:

The average daily inmate cost includes those costs associated with the operation of the institutions, such as salaries and employee benefit plan contributions, but excludes capital expenditures and expenditures related to CORCAN (a Special Operating Agency that conducts industrial operations within penitentiaries).

In 2001-02, the cost allocation methodology was refined to better reflect expenditures directly related to offenders. In addition, the cost of keeping a woman incarcerated includes the cost of maximum security units for women co-located within institutions for men.

Table B3
Categories	Annual Average Costs per Offender (current $)
Categories	2008-09	2009-10	2010-11	2011-12	2012-13
Incarcerated Offenders
Maximum Security (men only)	147,135	150,808	147,418	151,484	148,330
Medium Security (men only)	93,782	98,219	99,519	104,889	99,207
Minimum Security (men only)	93,492	95,038	95,034	91,959	83,910
Women's Facilities	203,061	211,093	214,614	211,618	210,695
Exchange of Services Agreements	87,866	89,800	90,712	97,545	104,828
Incarcerated Average	109,699	113,974	114,364	117,788	112,197

Offenders in the Community	29,476	29,537	31,148	35,101	33,799

Total Incarcerated and Community	91,498	93,916	96,412	100,622	95,504

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

The number of Parole Board of Canada employees

Figure B4

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

The total number of full-time equivalents used by the Parole Board of Canada has increased by 31.2% since 2004-05.

Table B4
	Full-Time Equivalents
	2009-10	2010-11	2011-12	2012-13	2013-14
Strategic Outcome*
Conditional Release Decisions	299	297	310	311	325
Conditional Release Openness and Accountability	64	57	60	56	53
Record Suspension and Clemency Recommendations	40	38	37	58	79
Internal Services	39	46	54	43	48
Total	442	438	461	468	505

Type of Employees
Full-time Board Members	40	40	43	44	42
Part-time Board Members	25	21	21	20	20
Staff	377	377	397	404	443
Total	442	438	461	468	505

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

*As of 2006-07, the Receiver General and Treasury Board Secretariat reporting requirements have been changed from Business Line to Strategic Outcome. Consequently, data regarding Conditional Release Openness and Accountability is unavailable prior to 2006-07.

The number of employees in the Office of the Correctional Investigator

Figure B5

Source: Office of the Correctional Investigator.

The total number of full-time equivalents at the Office of the Correctional Investigator was stable over the last two years.
In 2013-14, 5,434 complaints/inquires* were received by the Office of the Correctional Investigator.

Note:

*The Office of the Correctional Investigator (OCI) may commence an investigation on receipt of a complaint by or on behalf of an offender or on its own initiative. Complaints are made by telephone, letter and during interviews with the OCI's investigative staff at federal correctional facilities. The dispositions in response to complaints involve a combination of internal responses (where the information or assistance sought by the offender can generally be provided by the OCI's investigative staff) and investigations (where, further to a review/analysis of law, policies and documentation, OCI investigative staff make an inquiry or several interventions with Correctional Service Canada and submit recommendations to address the complaint). Investigations vary considerably in terms of scope, complexity, duration and resources required.

Table B5
	Full-Time Equivalents
	2009-10	2010-11	2011-12	2012-13	2013-14
Type of Employees
Correctional Investigator	1	1	1	1	1
Senior Management and Legal Counsel/Advisor	5	5	5	5	5
Investigative Services	20	20	21	25	25
Administrative Services	2	4	5	5	5
Total	28	30	32	36	36

Source: Office of the Correctional Investigator.

Conditions of Confinement is the most common area of offender complaint received by the Office of the Correctional Investigator

Figure B6

Source: Office of the Correctional Investigator.

There were 5,434 complaints/inquires* received at the Office of the Correctional Investigator (OCI) in 2013-14.
Conditions of confinement (11.6%), health care (11.3%), and staff performance (7.6%) accounted for 30.4% of all complaints.
The number of individual complaints processed by the OCI has decreased in recent years because the OCI has reallocated resources to sharpen its focus on systemic issues and death in custody investigations.

Note:

Table B6
Category of Complaint	Number of Complaints*
Category of Complaint	2009-10	2010-11	2011-12	2012-13	2013-14
	#	#	#	#	#
Conditions of Confinement	-- **	469	483	509	628
Health Care (including Dental)	821	797	730	577	613
Staff Performance	370	347	310	368	412
Institutional Transfers	393	369	408	376	403
Administrative Segregation	390	346	428	424	363
Cell Property	388	407	386	399	327
Telephone	165	168	141	135	227
Visits (includes Private Family Visits)	277	205	253	213	225
Grievance Procedures	236	284	255	163	161
File Information	152	202	166	162	140
Financial Matters	-- ***	78	108	109	138
Programs/Services	163	188	122	101	107
Security Classification	102	135	92	115	98
Decisions (General) - Implementation	-- ***	129	227	372	93
Correspondence	-- ***	115	127	84	85
Safety/Security of Offender	137	90	87		56
Mental Health	-- ***	112	54	74	50
Harassment	-- ***	88	119	64	42
Other****	1,357	1,087	1,061		957
Outside OCI's Terms of Reference	174	187	232	235	309
Total	5,282	5,914	5,789	5,477	5,434

Source: Office of the Correctional Investigator.

Note:

*The Office of the Correctional Investigator (OCI) may commence an investigation on receipt of a complaint by or on behalf of an offender or on its own initiative. Complaints are made by telephone, letter and during interviews with the OCI's investigative staff at federal correctional facilities. The dispositions in response to complaints involve a combination of internal responses (where the information or assistance sought by the offender can generally be provided by the OCI's investigative staff) and investigations (where, further to a review/analysis of law, policies and documentation, OCI investigative staff make an inquiry or several interventions with Cor rectional Service Canada and submit recommendations to address the complaint). Investigations vary considerably in terms of scope, complexity, duration and resources required.

OCI has updated the categories of complaints to better reflect their corporate priorities and the changing nature of the complaints that they received in the 2010-11 fiscal year. As a result, some categories reported in previous years have been changed or removed.

**As of 2009-10, the “Conditions of Confinement” category was eliminated to better capture the specific nature of the complaint filed. Therefore, no data are available for 2009-10.
***Previously, Decisions (General) - Implementation, Correspondence, and Mental Health were reported in “Other”, therefore, numbers previous to 2010-11 are not reported.
****“Other” refers to other types of complaints not specified in the table and includes: Cell Placement, Claims Against the Crown, Community Programs/Supervision, Conditional Release, Death or Serious Injury, Diets, Discipline, Discrimination, Double Bunking, Employment, Financial Matters, Food Services, Health and Safety - Inmate Worksites/Programs, Hunger Strike, Inmate Requests, Ion Scan/Drug Dog, Methadone, OCI, Official Languages, Operation/Decisions of the OCI, Release Procedures, Religious/ Spiritual, Safety/Security - Incompatibles/Worksite, Search and Seizure, Sentence Administration, Temporary Absence, Temporary Absence Decision, Uncategorized, Urinalysis and Use of Force. In 2010-11, Cell Placement, Conditional Release, Employment, Inmate Requests, OCI, Religious/Spiritual, Safety/Security - Incompatibles/ Worksite, and Temporary Absence were added to the “Other” category, and Correspondence, General Decision/Implementation, and Mental Health were removed.

The number of individual complaints processed by the OCI has decreased in recent years because the OCI has reallocated resources to sharpen its focus on systemic issues and death in custody investigations.

Section C: Offender Population

Offenders under the responsibility of Correctional Service of Canada

Figure C1

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Definitions:

Total Offender Population includes all active offenders, who are incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, offenders who are temporarily detained, offenders who are actively supervised and offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days.

In Custody includes all active offenders incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, and offenders who are temporarily detained in a CSC facility.

Temporarily Detained includes federal offenders on day parole, full parole, statutory release, or in the community supervised on a long term supervision order, as well as those who are temporarily detained or paroled for deportation.

Actively Supervised includes all active offenders on day parole, full parole or statutory release, as well as those who are in the community on long-term supervision orders.

CSC Facilities include all federal institutions and federally funded healing lodges.

In Community Under Supervision includes all active offenders on day parole, full parole, or statutory release, or in the community supervised on a long term supervision order, offenders who are temporarily detained in a non-CSC facility, and offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days.

In addition to that Total Offender Population, there are excluded groups such as:

Federal jurisdiction offenders incarcerated in a Community Correctional Centre or in a non-CSC facility. Federal jurisdiction offenders deported/extradited including offenders for whom a deportation order has been enforced by Citizenship and Immigration Canada. Federal offenders on bail which includes offenders on judicial interim release; they have appealed their conviction or sentence and have been released to await results of a new trial. Escaped includes offenders who have absconded from either a correctional facility or while on a temporary absence and whose whereabouts are unknown. Unlawfully at Large for 90 days or more. This includes offenders who have been released to the community on day parole, full parole, statutory release, or a long-term supervision order for whom a warrant of suspension has been issued at least 90 day but has not yet been executed.

Note:

*The definition of “Offender Population” changed in the 2014 edition of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview (CCRSO). As such, comparisons to editions of the CCRSO prior to 2014 should be done with caution.

Table C1
Status	Offenders under the responsibility of Correctional Service of Canada
	#	#	#	%	%	%
In Custody Population (CSC Facility)	15,327					66.2
Incarcerated in CSC Facility		14,674			63.4
Temporarily Detained in CSC Facility		653			2.8
In Community under Supervision	7,827					33.8
Temporarily Detained in non-CSC Facility		133
Actively Supervised		7,694			33.2
Day Parole			1,191	5.1
Full Parole			3,231	14.0
Statutory Release			2,929	12.7
Long Term Supervision Order			343	0.3
Total	23,154*					100.0

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

**In addition to this total offender population, 137 offenders were on bail, 119 offenders had escaped, 172 offenders were under federal jurisdiction serving their sentence in a non-CSC facility, 313 offenders were unlawfully at large for 90 days or more, and 405 offenders were deported or on immigration hold.

The definition of “Offender Population” changed in the 2014 edition of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview (CCRSO). As such, comparisons to editions of the CCRSO prior to 2014 should be done with caution.

The number of offenders in custody in a CSC facility has increased in the last five years

Figure C2

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Following consecutive increases in the number of offenders in custody in a CSC facility from 2004-05 to 2007-08, there was a decrease in 2008-09, followed by consecutive increases thereafter (an increase of 8.1% for the past five fiscal years).
The provincial/territorial sentenced offender population in custody increased 13.4% from 2004-05 to 2011-12 from 9,823 to 11,138 and the remand population increased by 38.4% from 9,656 to 13,369 during this period. Since 2005-06, the number of remanded inmates has exceeded the number of sentenced inmates in provincial/territorial custody.**

Note:

*The data reflect the number of offenders in custody in a CSC facility at the end of each fiscal year. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

The term “In Custody Offenders” includes all active offenders incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, and offenders who are temporarily detained in a CSC facility.

**Source: Corrections Key Indicator Report for Adults and Youth, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada

Table C2
Year	In Custody Offenders
	In Custody in a CSC Facility*¹	Provincial/Territorial²				Total
	In Custody in a CSC Facility*¹	Sentenced	Remand	Other/Temporary Detention	Total	Total
2004-05	13,378	9,823	9,656	331	19,810	33,188
2005-06**	13,488	9,609	10,908	292	20,809	34,297
2006-07	13,960	10,032	12,169	300	22,500	34,460
2007-08	14,362	9,799	12,973	335	23,107	37,469
2008-09	13,950	9,931	13,548	331	23,810	37,760
2009-10	14,185	10,045	13,739	322	24,106	38,291
2010-11	14,824	10,922	13,086	436	24,443	39,267
2011-12	15,136	11,138	13,069	315	24,822	39,958
2012-13	15,313	--	--	--	--	--
2013-14	15,327	--	--	--	--	--

Source: ¹Correctional Service Canada.; ²Corrections Key Indicator Report for Adults and Youth, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada

Note:

*Data reflects the number of offenders in custody at the end of each fiscal year. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

The term “In Custody in a CSC Facility” includes all active offenders incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, and offenders who are temporarily detained in a CSC facility.

**Data is unavailable from Prince Edward Island in 2005-06.

The figures for provincial and territorial offenders reflect annual average counts.

-- Data not available.

The number of admissions to federal jurisdiction has fluctuated

Figure C3

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

After peaking at 8,606 in 2006-07, the number of admissions has decreased by 5.8% to 8,105 in 2013-14.
The number of warrant of committal admissions has fluctuated over the past decade but has been fairly stable over the last three years.
The number of women admitted to federal jurisdiction under warrants of committal increased 4.8% from 312 in 2009-10 to 327 in 2013-14.

Note:

*“Other” includes transfers from other jurisdictions (exchange of services), terminations, transfers from foreign countries, and admissions where a release is interrupted as a consequence of a new conviction.

These numbers refer to the federal jurisdiction admissions during each fiscal year and may be greater than the actual number of offenders admitted, since an individual offender may be admitted more than once in a given year. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Table C3
	2009-10		2010-11		2011-12		2012-13		2013-14
	Women	Men	Women	Men	Women	Men	Women	Men	Women	Men
Warrant of Committal
1^st Federal Sentence	281	3,562	294	3,703	303	3,494	229	3,535	287	3,582
All Others	31	1,346	39	1,389	43	1,268	45	1,302	40	1,237
Subtotal	312	4,908	333	5,092	346	4,762	274	4,837	327	4,819
Total	5,220		5,425		5,108		5,111		5,146

Revocations	178	2,862	153	2,630	135	2,546	140	2,829	121	2,709
Total	3,040		2,783		2,681		2,969		2,830

Other*	5	96	8	125	17	116	15	127	6	123
Total	101		133		133		142		129

	495	7,866	494	7,847	498	7,424	429	7,793	454	7,651
Total Admissions	8,361		8,341		7,922		8,222		8,105

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

The number of women admitted from the courts to federal Jurisdiction increased in 2013-14

Figure C4

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

In the last ten years, the number of women admitted to federal jurisdiction increased 38.6% from 236 in 2004-05 to 327 in 2013-14. During the same time period, there was an increase of 11.6% in the number of men admitted to federal jurisdiction.
Overall, women continue to represent a small proportion of the total number of admissions (i.e., 6.4% in 2013-14).
As of end of fiscal year 2013-14, there were 631 women incarcerated within Correctional Services Canada facilities.

Note:

A warrant of committal is a new admission to federal jurisdiction from the courts.

Table C4
Year	Warrant of Committal Admissions				Total
Year		Women		Men	Total
	#	%	#	%
2004-05	236	5.2	4,318	94.8	4,554
2005-06	274	5.7	4,512	94.3	4,786
2006-07	318	6.2	4,791	93.8	5,109
2007-08	309	6.2	4,693	93.8	5,002
2008-09	315	6.5	4,513	93.5	4,828
2009-10	312	6.0	4,908	94.0	5,220
2010-11	333	6.1	5,092	93.9	5,425
2011-12	346	6.8	4,762	93.2	5,108
2012-13	274	5.4	4,837	94.6	5,111
2013-14	327	6.4	4,819	93.6	5,146

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

A warrant of committal is a new admission to federal jurisdiction from the courts.

Over half of total offender population in CSC facilities are serving a sentence of less than 5 years

Figure C5

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

In 2013-14, over half (51.0%) of the total offender population* were serving sentences of less than 5 years with 22.9% serving a sentence between two years and less than three years.
Almost one quarter (22.7%) of the total offender population* were serving indeterminate sentences. The total number of offenders with indeterminate sentences has increased 7.4% since 2009-10 from 4,897 to 5,258 in 2013-14.

Note:

Total Offender Population includes all active offenders who are incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, offenders who are temporarily detained, offenders who are actively supervised, and offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days.

Offenders serving a sentence less than 2 years includes offenders transferred from foreign countries or offenders under a long term supervision order who received a new sentence of less than 2 years.

Table C5
Sentence Length	2009-10		2010-11		2011-12		2012-13		2013-14
	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%
< than 2 years	309	1.4	277	1.2	262	1.1	280	1.2	294	1.3
2 years to < 3 years	5,713	25.9	5,927	26.2	5,785	25.3	5,467	23.8	5,298	22.9
3 years to < 4 years	3,338	15.1	3,519	15.5	3,626	15.8	3,729	16.2	3,767	16.3
4 years to < 5 years	2,113	9.7	2,202	9.7	2,290	10.0	2,363	10.3	2,447	10.6
5 years to < 6 years	1,490	6.7	1,516	6.7	1,577	6.9	1,598	7.0	1,635	7.1
6 years to < 7 years	951	4.3	996	4.4	999	4.4	1,083	4.7	1,099	4.7
7 years to < 10 years	1,525	6.9	1,580	7.0	1,656	7.2	1,722	7.5	1,790	7.7
10 years to < 15 years	1,003	4.5	988	4.4	978	4.3	961	4.2	955	4.1
15 years and more	721	3.3	674	3.0	630	2.8	608	2.6	611	2.6
Indeterminate	4,897	22.2	4,984	22.0	5,098	22.3	5,167	22.5	5,258	22.7
Total	22,080	100	22,663	100	22,901	100	22,978	100	23,154	100

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

Offenders serving a sentence less than 2 years includes offenders transferred from foreign countries or offenders under a long term supervision order who received a new sentence of less than 2 years.

Offender age at admission to federal jurisdiction is increasing

Figure C6

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

In 2013-14, 36.1% of offenders admitted to federal jurisdiction were between the ages of 20 and 29, and 26.9% were between 30 and 39 years of age.
The distribution of age upon admission is similar for both men and women.
The median age of the population upon admission is the same in 2013-14 as it was in 2004-05, 33 years of age.
The number of offenders between the ages of 40 and 49 at admission increased from 927 in 2004-05 to 993 in 2013-14, representing a 7.1% increase.
The number of offenders between the ages of 30 and 34 at admission increased from 716 in 2004-05 to 789 in 2013-14. However, as a proportion of the total warrant of committal admissions it was about the same in 2004-05 and 2013-14, 15.7% in 2004-05 and 15.3% in 2013-14.

Note:

A warrant of committal is a new admission to federal jurisdiction from the courts.

Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100 percent.

Table C6
Age at Admission	2004-05						2013-14
Age at Admission	Women		Men		Total		Women		Men		Total
	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%
Under 18	0	0.0	5*	0.1	5	0.1	0	0.0	6**	0.1	6	0.1
18 and 19	9	3.8	194	4.5	203	4.5	6	1.8	112	2.3	118	2.3
20 to 24	30	12.7	842	19.5	872	19.1	61	18.7	849	17.6	910	17.7
25 to 29	41	17.4	727	16.8	768	16.9	58	17.7	890	18.5	948	18.4
30 to 34	42	17.8	674	15.6	716	15.7	53	16.2	736	15.3	789	15.3
35 to 39	37	15.7	624	14.5	661	14.5	41	12.5	552	11.5	593	11.5
40 to 44	35	14.8	571	13.2	606	13.3	45	13.8	495	10.3	540	10.5
45 to 49	21	8.9	300	6.9	321	7.0	24	7.3	429	8.9	453	8.8
50 to 59	18	7.6	263	6.1	281	6.2	25	7.6	514	10.7	539	10.5
60 to 69	3	1.3	100	2.3	103	2.3	10	3.1	177	3.7	187	3.6
70 and over	0	0.0	18	0.4	18	0.4	4	1.2	59	1.2	63	1.2
Total	236		4,318		4,554		327		4,819		5,146

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

*These five offenders include two offenders in a youth custody centre and three offenders who at 17 years of age, were at the Regional Reception Centre sentenced and admitted to federal jurisdiction by the courts.

**These six offenders were admitted to a youth correctional centre.

A warrant of committal is a new admission to federal jurisdiction from the courts.

Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100 percent.

The average age at admission is lower for Aboriginal offenders than for non-Aboriginal offenders

Figure C7

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Of those offenders admitted to federal jurisdiction in 2013-14, 48.8% of Aboriginal offenders were under the age of 30, compared to 36.0% of non-Aboriginal offenders.
The median age of Aboriginal offenders at admission is 30, compared to a median age of 34 for non-Aboriginal offenders.
The median age of Aboriginal women offenders at admission is 31, compared to a median age of 34 for non-Aboriginal women offenders.

Note:

A warrant of committal is a new admission to federal jurisdiction from the courts.

Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100 percent.

Table C7
Age at Admission	2004-05						2013-14
Age at Admission	Aboriginal		Non- Aboriginal		Total		Aboriginal		Non- Aboriginal		Total
	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%
Under 18	2	0.2	3	0.1	5	0.1	4	0.4	2	0.0	6	0.1
18 and 19	61	7.0	142	3.9	203	4.5	40	3.9	78	1.9	118	2.3
20 to 24	191	22.0	681	18.5	872	19.1	240	23.7	670	16.2	910	17.7
25 to 29	177	20.4	591	16.0	768	16.9	210	20.7	738	17.9	948	18.4
30 to 34	147	17.0	569	15.4	716	15.7	154	15.2	635	15.4	789	15.3
35 to 39	115	13.3	546	14.8	661	14.5	104	10.3	489	11.8	593	11.5
40 to 44	96	11.1	510	13.8	606	13.3	100	9.9	440	10.6	540	10.5
45 to 49	40	4.6	281	7.6	321	7.0	71	7.0	382	9.2	453	8.8
50 to 59	25	2.9	256	6.9	281	6.2	73	7.2	466	11.3	539	10.5
60 to 69	10	1.2	93	2.5	103	2.3	13	1.3	174	4.2	187	3.6
70 and over	3	0.3	15	0.4	18	0.4	4	0.4	59	1.4	63	1.2
Total	867		3,687		4,554		1,013		4,133		5,146

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

A warrant of committal is a new admission to federal jurisdiction from the courts.

Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100 percent.

23% of the in custody offender population is aged 50 or over

Figure C8

Source: Correctional Service Canada; Statistics Canada.

In 2013-14, 54.7% of in custody offenders were under the age of 40.
In 2013-14, 22.7% of the in custody offender population was aged 50 and over.
The community offender population was older than the in custody population; 35.5% of offenders in the community were aged 50 and over, compared to 22.7% of the in custody offenders in this age group.

Note:

*In Custody Population includes all active offenders incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, and offenders who are temporarily detained in a CSC facility.

**2013 Postcensal Estimates, Demography Division, Statistics Canada and include only those age 18 and older.

In Community Under Supervision Population includes all active offenders on day parole, full parole, statutory release, or in the community supervised on a long term supervision order, offenders who are temporarily detained in a non-CSC facility, and offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days.

Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100 percent.

Table C8
Age	In Custody		In Community Under Supervision		Total		% of Canadian Adult Population*
	#	%	#	%	#	%	%
Under 18	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	0.0
18 and 19	62	0.4	4	0.1	66	0.3	3.3
20 to 24	1,718	11.2	561	7.2	2,279	9.8	8.7
25 to 29	2,407	15.7	968	12.4	3,375	14.6	8.5
30 to 34	2,340	15.3	970	12.4	3,310	14.3	8.6
35 to 39	1,861	12.1	865	11.1	2,726	11.8	8.2
40 to 44	1,770	11.5	838	10.7	2,608	11.3	8.4
45 to 49	1,689	11.0	844	10.8	2,533	10.9	9.1
50 to 54	1,359	8.9	839	10.7	2,198	9.5	9.8
55 to 59	932	6.1	663	8.5	1,595	6.9	8.9
60 to 64	588	3.8	482	6.2	1,070	4.6	7.5
65 to 69	350	2.3	370	4.7	720	3.1	6.2
70 and over	251	1.6	423	5.4	674	2.9	12.9
Total	15,327	100.0	7,827	100.0	23,154	100.0	100.0

Source: Correctional Service Canada; Statistics Canada.

Note:

*2013 Postcensal Estimates, Demography Division, Statistics Canada and include only those age 18 and older.

In Custody Population includes all active offenders incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, and offenders who are temporarily detained in a CSC facility.

Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100 percent.

61% of federal offenders are Caucasian

Figure C9

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

The offender population is becoming more diverse as evidenced by the decrease in the proportion of Caucasian offenders from 65.9% in 2009-10 to 60.8% in 2013-14.
Between 2009-10 and 2013-14, the Aboriginal population has increased by 20.9% from 4,019 to 4,860.

Note:

The offenders themselves identify to which race they belong. The list of categories may not fully account for all races and the race groupings information has changed; therefore, the comparisons between 2009-10 and 2013-14 should be done with caution.

“Aboriginal” includes offenders who are Inuit, Innu, Métis and North American Indian.

“Asian” includes offenders who are Arab, Arab/West Asian, Asian-East and Southeast, Asian-South, Asian West, Asiatic, Chinese, East Indian, Filipino, Japanese, Korean, South East Asian and South Asian.

“Hispanic” includes offenders who are Hispanic and Latin American.

“Black” includes offenders who are Black, British Isles, Caribbean and Sub-Saharan Africa.

“Other/Unknown” includes offenders who are European French, European-Eastern, European-Northern, European-Southern, European-Western, Multiracial/Ethnic, Oceania, offenders unable to identify to one race, Other, and unknown.

The data reflects the total offender population, which includes all active offenders who are incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, and offenders who are temporarily detained, offenders who are actively supervised, and offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days.

The data reflect the number of offenders active at the end of each fiscal year. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100 percent.

Table C9
	Total Offender Population
		2009-10		2013-14
	#	%	#	%
Aboriginal	4,019	18.2	4,860	21.0
Inuit	187	0.8	219	0.9
Métis	1,017	4.6	1,316	5.7
North American Indian	2,815	12.7	3,325	14.4
Asian	1,041	4.7	1,348	5.8
Arab/West Asian	233	1.1	350	1.5
Asiatic	57	0.3	197	0.9
Chinese	120	0.5	143	0.6
East Indian	23	0.1	15	0.1
Filipino	58	0.3	66	0.3
Japanese	3	0.0	6	0.0
Korean	12	0.1	19	0.1
South East Asian	352	1.6	327	1.4
South Asian	183	0.8	225	1.0
Black	1,641	7.4	1,988	8.6
Caucasian	14,561	65.9	14,076	60.8
Hispanic	187	0.8	251	1.1
Hispanic	9	0.0	7	0.0
Latin American	178	0.8	244	1.1
Other/Unknown	631	2.9	631	2.7
Total	22,080	100.0	23,154	100.0

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

*Due to changes in categorization of races, 2013-14 “Asiatic” category includes Asian-East and Southeast/Asian South/Asian West/Asiatic.

“Aboriginal” includes offenders who are Inuit, Innu, Métis and North American Indian.

“Hispanic” includes offenders who are Hispanic and Latin American.

“Black” includes offenders who are Black, British Isles, Caribbean and Sub-Saharan Africa.

The data reflect the number of offenders active at the end of each fiscal year. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100 percent.

The religious identification of the offender population is diverse

Figure C10

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

The religious identification of the offender population was diverse. While the proportion of offenders who identify as Catholic and Protestant still represented the majority, their proportions have decreased since 2009-10 from 58.2% to 49.7% in 2013-14.
Religious identification was unknown for 9.0% of offenders, whereas 15.3% stated they had no religion.

Note:

Religious identification is self-declared by offenders while they are incarcerated, and the categories are not comprehensive; therefore, the reader should interpret these data with caution.

“Catholic” includes offenders who are Catholic, Roman-Catholic, Greek-Catholic, Native-Catholic and Ukrainian-Catholic.

“Orthodox” includes offenders who are Greek Orthodox, Russian Orthodox and Ukrainian Orthodox.

“Protestant” includes offenders who are Anglican, Baptist, Christian Missionary, Christian Reform, Church of Science, Hutterite, Lutheran, Mennonite, Moravian, Native Spirit, Nazarene Christ, Pentecostal, Philadelphia Church of God, Presbyterian, Protestant, Salvation Army, Seventh Day Adventist, United Church, Christ Methodist, Christ Wesleyan and Worldwide Church.

“Buddhist” includes offenders who are Buddhist, Mahayana Buddhist and Theravadan Buddhist.

“Other” includes other declared identifications such as Agnostic, Asatruar Pagan, Atheist, Baha’i, Christian non specified, Christian Science, Church of Christ Scientist, Druidry Pagan, Hindu, Independent Spirit, Jehovah’s Witness, Krishna, Mormon, Pagan, Quaker (Society of Friends), Rastafarian, Scientology, Siddha Yoga, Sufiism, Taoism, Unitarian, Wicca, and Zoroastrian.

The data reflect the total offender population which includes all active offenders who are incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on a temporary absence from a CSC facility, offenders who are temporarily detained, offenders who are actively supervised, and offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days.

The data reflect the number of offenders active at the end of each fiscal year. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100 percent.

Table C10
	Total Offender Population
		2009-10		2013-14
	#	%	#	%
Catholic	8,472	38.4	8,378	36.2
Protestant	4,369	19.8	3,129	13.5
Muslim	909	4.1	1,228	5.3
Native Spirituality	835	3.8	1,176	5.1
Buddhist	439	2.0	475	2.1
Jewish	151	0.7	177	0.8
Orthodox	105	0.5	85	0.4
Sikh	120	0.5	180	0.8
Other	1,460	6.6	2,712	11.7
None	3,465	15.7	3,534	15.3
Unknown	1,755	7.9	2,080	9.0
Total	22,080	100.0	23,154	100.0

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

Religious identification is self-declared by offenders while they are incarcerated, and the categories are not comprehensive; therefore, the reader should interpret these data with caution.

“Catholic” includes offenders who are Catholic, Roman-Catholic, Greek-Catholic, Native-Catholic and Ukrainian-Catholic.

“Orthodox” includes offenders who are Greek Orthodox, Russian Orthodox and Ukrainian Orthodox.

“Buddhist” includes offenders who are Buddhist, Mahayana Buddhist and Theravadan Buddhist.

The data reflect the number of offenders active at the end of each fiscal year. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Due to rounding, percentages may not add to 100 percent.

The proportion of Aboriginal offenders in custody is higher than for non-Aboriginal offenders

Figure C11

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

As of end of fiscal year 2013-14, the proportion of offenders in custody was about 8.5% greater for boriginal offenders (72.9%) than for non-Aboriginal offenders (64.4%).
Aboriginal women in custody represent 34.5% of all in custody women while Aboriginal men in custody represent 22.6% of all in custody men.
In 2013-14, Aboriginal offenders represented 21.0% of the total offender population while Aboriginal adults represent 3.0% of the Canadian adult population*.
Aboriginal offenders accounted for 23.1% of the in custody population and 16.8% of the community population in 2013-14.

Note:

*2006 Census, Statistics Canada.

Total Offender Population includes all active offenders who are incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on a temporary absence from a CSC facility, offenders who are temporarily detained, offenders who are actively supervised, and offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days.

In Custody includes all active offenders incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, and offenders who are temporarily detained in a CSC facility.

In Community Under Supervision includes all active offenders on day parole, full parole, statutory release, or in the community supervised on a long term supervision order, offenders who are temporarily detained in a non-CSC facility, and offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days.

The data reflect the number of offenders active at the end of each fiscal year. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Table C11
		In Custody Population		In Community Under Supervision		Total
		#	%	#	%
Men
2010-11	Aboriginal	2,998	75.1	993	24.9	3,991
	Non-Aboriginal	11,238	63.9	6,339	36.1	17,577
	Total	14,236	66.0	7,332	34.0	21,568
2011-12	Aboriginal	3,163	75.9	1,006	24.1	4,169
	Non-Aboriginal	11,344	64.5	6,247	35.5	17,591
	Total	14,507	66.7	7,253	33.3	21,760
2012-13	Aboriginal	3,361	74.8	1,135	25.2	4,496
	Non-Aboriginal	11,336	65.2	6,046	34.8	17,832
	Total	14,697	67.2	7,181	32.8	21,878
2013-14	Aboriginal	3,324	73.5	1,200	26.5	4,524
	Non-Aboriginal	11,372	65.0	6,135	35.0	17,507
	Total	14,696	66.7	7,335	33.3	22,031

Women
2010-11	Aboriginal	196	66.7	98	33.3	294
	Non-Aboriginal	392	48.9	409	51.1	801
	Total	588	53.7	507	46.3	1,095
2011-12	Aboriginal	216	67.7	103	32.3	319
	Non-Aboriginal	413	50.2	409	49.8	822
	Total	629	55.1	512	44.9	1,141
2012-13	Aboriginal	205	66.3	104	33.7	309
	Non-Aboriginal	411	52.0	380	48.0	791
	Total	616	56.0	484	44.0	1,100
2013-14	Aboriginal	218	64.9	118	35.1	336
	Non-Aboriginal	413	52.5	374	47.5	787
	Total	631	56.2	492	43.8	1,123

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

In Custody includes all active offenders incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, and offenders who are temporarily detained in a CSC facility.

The data reflect the number of offenders active at the end of each fiscal year. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

The majority of in custody offenders are classified as medium security risk

Figure C12

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Approximately two-thirds (64.3%) of offenders are classified as medium security risk.
Aboriginal offenders are more likely to be classified to a medium or high security institution compared to non-Aboriginal offenders (84.5% compared to 76.5%)
Compared to non-Aboriginal offenders, a lower percentage of Aboriginal offenders are classified as minimum security risk (15.4% vs. 23.5%) and a higher percentage are classified as medium (68.1% vs. 63.2%) and maximum (16.4% vs. 13.3%) security risk.

Note:

The data represent the offender security level decision as of end of fiscal year 2013-14.

In Custody Population includes all active offenders incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on a temporary absence from a CSC facility, and offenders who are temporarily detained in a CSC facility.

Table C12
Security Risk Level	Aboriginal		Non-Aboriginal		Total
	#	%	#	%	#	%
Minimum	520	15.4	2,569	23.5	3,089	21.6
Medium	2,294	68.1	6,907	63.2	9,201	64.3
Maximum	554	16.4	1,458	13.3	2,012	14.1
Total	3,368	100.0	10,934	100.0	14,302	100.0

Not Yet Determined*	174		851		1,025

Total	3,542		11,785		15,327

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

*The “Not Yet Determined” category includes offenders who have not yet been classified.

The data represent the offender security level decision, as of end of fiscal year 2013-14.

Admissions with a life or indeterminate sentence were stable in 2013-14

Figure C13

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

From 2004-05 to 2013-14, the number of admissions to federal jurisdiction with a life/indeterminate* sentence was relatively stable, ranging from 149 to 193.
As of end of fiscal year 2013-14, there were a total of 3,536 offenders in custody with a life/indeterminate sentence. Of these, 3,414 (96.5%) were men and 122 (3.5%) were women; 811 (22.9%) were Aboriginal and 2,725 (77.1%) were non-Aboriginal.
As of end of fiscal year 2013-14, 22.7% of the total offender population was serving a life/indeterminate sentence. Of these offenders, 67.2% were in custody and 32.8% were in the community under supervision.

Note:

*Although life sentences and indeterminate sentences both may result in imprisonment for life, they are different. A life sentence is a sentence of life imprisonment, imposed by a judge at the time of sentence, for example, for murder. An indeterminate sentence is a result of a designation, where an application is made to the court to declare an offender a Dangerous Offender, and the consequence of this designation is imprisonment for an indeterminate period. This table combines offenders serving life sentences and offenders serving indeterminate sentences.

A warrant of committal is a new admission to federal jurisdiction from the courts.

Table C13
Year	Aboriginal Offenders			Non-Aboriginal Offenders			Total
Year	Women	Men	Total	Women	Men	Total	Women	Men	Total
2004-05	1	30	31	5	113	118	6	143	149
2005-06	4	41	45	9	122	131	13	163	176
2006-07	4	32	36	10	122	132	14	154	168
2007-08	4	34	38	4	133	137	8	167	175
2008-09	4	34	38	2	131	133	6	165	171
2009-10	6	44	50	7	136	143	13	180	193
2010-11	3	35	38	6	131	137	9	166	175
2011-12	8	41	49	9	119	128	17	160	177
2012-13	6	46	52	1	119	120	7	165	172
2013-14	7	36	43	7	124	131	14	160	174

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

This table combines offenders serving life sentences and offenders serving indeterminate sentences.

Although life sentences and indeterminate sentences both may result in imprisonment for life, they are different. A life sentence is a sentence of life imprisonment, imposed by a judge at the time of sentence, for example, for murder. An indeterminate sentence is a result of a designation, where an application is made to the court to declare an offender a Dangerous Offender, and the consequence of this designation is imprisonment for an indeterminate period. A warrant of committal is a new admission to federal jurisdiction from the courts.

Offenders with Life or Indeterminate sentences represent 23% of the total offender population

Figure C14

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

As of end of fiscal year 2013-14, there were 5,258 offenders serving a life sentence and/or an indeterminate sentence. This represents 22.7% of the total offender population. The majority (67.2%) of these offenders were in custody. Of the 1,722 offenders who were in the community under supervision, the majority (82.2%) were serving a life sentence for 2nd Degree Murder.
There were 21 offenders who were serving both a life sentence and an indeterminate sentence*.
There were 528 offenders who were serving an indeterminate sentence as a result of a special designation. The remaining 4,709 offenders have not received a special designation, but were serving a life sentence.
96.8% of the 503 Dangerous Offenders with indeterminate sentences were in custody and 3.2% were in the community under supervision. In contrast, 50.0% of the 22 Dangerous Sexual Offenders were in custody and all (three) Habitual Offenders were in the community under supervision. There is one Habitual Offender included in the Life and Indeterminate group, this offender was in the community under supervision as well.

Note:

*Although life sentences and indeterminate sentences may both result in imprisonment for life, they are different. A life sentence is a sentence of life imprisonment, imposed by a judge at the time of sentence, for example, for murder. An indeterminate sentence is a result of a designation, where an application is made to the court to declare an offender a Dangerous Offender, and the consequence of this designation is imprisonment for an indeterminate period. The Dangerous Sexual Offender and Habitual Offender designations were replaced with Dangerous Offender Legislation in 1977.

Table C14
	Total Offender Population		Current Status
			In Custody in a CSC Facility	In Community Under Supervision
			Incarcerated	Day Parole	Full Parole	Other***
	#	%
Offenders with a life sentence for:
1^st Degree Murder	1,114	4.8	920	40	154	0
2^nd Degree Murder	3,385	14.6	1,969	190	1,226	0
Other Offences*	210	0.9	130	6	74	0
Total	4,709	20.3	3,019	236	1,454	0

Offenders with indeterminate sentences resulting from the special designation of:
Dangerous Offender	503	2.2	487	7	9	0
Dangerous Sexual Offender	22	0.1	11	0	11	0
Habitual Offenders	3	0.0	0	0	3	0
Total	528	2.3	498	7	23	0

Offenders serving an indeterminate sentence (due to a special designation) and a life sentence (due to an offence):
	21	0.1	19	0	2	0
Total offenders with Life and/or Indeterminate sentence	5,258	22.7	3,536	243	1,479	0
Offenders Serving Determinate sentences**	17,896	77.3	11,791	968	1,760	3,377
Total	23,154	100.0	15,327	1,211	3,239	3,377

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

*“Other offences” include Schedule 1, Schedule 2 and Non-Schedule types of offences.

**This includes 50 offenders designated as Dangerous Offenders who are serving determinate sentences.

***“Other” in the Community Under Supervision includes offenders on statutory release or on a long term supervision order.

Among the 21 offenders serving an indeterminate sentence (due to a special designation) and a life sentence (due to an offence), there was one Habitual Offender.

68% of offenders are serving a sentence for a violent offence*

Figure C15

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

As of end fiscal year 2013-14, Aboriginal offenders were more likely to be serving a sentence for a violent offence (78.1%) than non-Aboriginal offenders (65.9%).
74.7% of Aboriginal women offenders were serving a sentence for a violent offence compared to 50.2% of non-Aboriginal women offenders.
Of those offenders serving a sentence for Murder, 4.5% were women and 19.3% were Aboriginal.
A greater proportion of Aboriginal offenders than non-Aboriginal offenders were serving a sentence for a Schedule I offence (60.1% versus 45.9%, respectively).
8.8% of Aboriginal offenders were serving a sentence for a Schedule II offence compared to 19.1% of non-Aboriginal offenders.
25.4% of women were serving a sentence for a Schedule II offence compared to 16.5% for men.

Note:

*Violent offences include Murder I, Murder II and Schedule I offences.

Schedule I is comprised of sexual offences and other violent crimes excluding first and second degree murder (see the Corrections and Conditional Release Act).

Schedule II is comprised of serious drug offences or conspiracy to commit serious drug offences (see the Corrections and Conditional Release Act).

In cases where the offender is serving a sentence for more than one offence, the data reflect the most serious offence.

Table C15
Offence Category	Aboriginal			Non-Aboriginal			Total
Offence Category	Women	Men	Total	Women	Men	Total	Women	Men	Total
Murder I	9	192	201	33	898	931	42	1,090	1,132
Percent	2.7	4.2	4.1	4.2	5.1	5.1	3.7	4.9	4.9

Murder II	55	620	675	107	2,623	2,730	162	3,243	3,405
Percent	16.4	13.7	13.9	13.6	15.0	14.9	14.4	14.7	14.7

Schedule I	187	2,734	2,921	255	8,147	8,402	442	10,881	11,323
Percent	55.7	60.4	60.1	32.4	46.5	45.9	39.4	49.4	48.9

Schedule II	46	381	427	239	3,257	3,496	285	3,638	3,923
Percent	13.7	8.4	8.8	30.4	18.6	19.1	25.4	16.5	16.9

Non-Schedule	39	597	636	153	2,582	2,735	192	3,179	3,371
Percent	11.6	13.2	13.1	19.4	14.7	15.0	17.1	14.4	14.6
	336	4,524		787	17,507		1,123	22,031
Total	4,860			18,294			23,154

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

*Violent offences include Murder I, Murder II and Schedule I offences.

Schedule I is comprised of sexual offences and other violent crimes excluding first and second degree murder (see the Corrections and Conditional Release Act).

Schedule II is comprised of serious drug offences or conspiracy to commit serious drug offences (see the Corrections and Conditional Release Act).

In cases where the offender is serving a sentence for more than one offence, the data reflect the most serious offence.

The data reflect the total offender population, which includes all active offenders who are incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, offenders who are temporarily detained, offenders who are actively supervised, and offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days.

These figures are based on the Total Offender Population as of end of fiscal year 2013-14.

The number of Aboriginal offenders has increased

Figure C16

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

From 2004-05 to 2013-14, the in custody Aboriginal offender population increased by 45.6%, while the total Aboriginal offender population increased 40.9% over the same time period.
The number of in custody Aboriginal women increased steadily from 115 in 2004-05 to 218 in 2013-14, an increase of 89.6% in the last ten years. The increase for in custody Aboriginal men was 43.5%for the same period, increasing from 2,317 to 3,324.
From 2004-05 to 2013-14, the number of Aboriginal offenders on community supervision increased29.6%, from 1,017 to 1,318. The Aboriginal community population accounted for 16.8% of the total community population in 2013-14.

Note:

In Custody Population includes all active offenders incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, and offenders who are temporarily detained in a CSC facility.

Table C16
Aboriginal Offenders		Fiscal Year
Aboriginal Offenders		2009-10	2010-11	2011-12	2012-13	2013-14
In Custody
Atlantic Region	Men	114	116	131	153	181
	Women	9	10	17	15	14
Quebec Region	Men	282	330	375	382	420
	Women	12	11	12	11	15
Ontario Region	Men	415	438	488	495	440
	Women	25	41	37	36	36
Prairie Region	Men	1,475	1,633	1,665	1,778	1,682
	Women	105	104	118	110	114
Pacific Region	Men	463	481	504	553	601
	Women	19	30	32	33	39
National Total	Men	2,749	2,998	3,163	3,361	3,324
	Women	170	196	216	205	218
	Total	2,919	3,194	3,379	3,566	3,542

In Community Under Supervision
Atlantic Region	Men	49	44	32	42	50
	Women	6	9	8	12	11
Quebec Region	Men	85	88	116	121	134
	Women	1	5	2	2	7
Ontario Region	Men	148	153	138	157	181
	Women	17	20	24	20	20
Prairie Region	Men	500	502	492	582	584
	Women	52	50	52	55	63
Pacific Region	Men	224	206	228	233	251
	Women	18	14	17	15	17
National Total	Men	1,006	993	1,006	1,135	1,200
	Women	94	98	103	104	118
	Total	1,100	1,091	1,109	1,239	1,318

Total In Custody & In Community Under Supervision		4,019	4,285	4,488	4,805	4,860

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

In Custody Population includes all active offenders incarcerated in a CSC facility, offenders on temporary absence from a CSC facility, and offenders who are temporarily detained in a CSC facility.

Regional statistics for the Correctional Service of Canada account for data relating to the northern territories in the following manner: data for Nunavut are reported in the Ontario Region, data for the Northwest Territories are reported in the Prairies region, and data for the Yukon Territories are reported in the Pacific Region.

The total number of admissions to administrative segregation has fluctuated

Figure C17

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Over the past five years, the total number of admissions to administrative segregation has fluctuated between 7,508 and 8,323. In 2013-14, 95.7% of the total admissions were men, and admissions of Aboriginal offenders accounted for 29.2%.
On April 1, 2014, there were 749 offenders in administrative segregation. Of these, 740 were men and 9 were women. A total of 228 Aboriginal offenders were in administrative segregation.

Note:

These reports count admissions, not offenders. Offenders admitted multiple times to segregation are counted once for each admission. Offenders segregated under paragraph (f), subsection 44(1) of the Corrections and Conditional Release Act (Disciplinary Segregation) are not included.

Administrative segregation is the involuntary or voluntary separation, when specific legal requirements are met, of an inmate from the general population, other than pursuant to a disciplinary decision.

Voluntary administrative segregation is when the inmate requests placement in administrative segregation, and the Institutional Head believes, on reasonable grounds, that the continued presence of the inmate in the general population would jeopardize the inmate's own safety and that there is no reasonable alternative to placement in administrative segregation.

Involuntary administrative segregation is when the placement meets the requirements of subsection 31(3) of the Corrections and Conditional Release Act and the placement in administrative segregation is not voluntary.

Table C17
Year and Type of Administrative Segregation	By Gender			By Race
Year and Type of Administrative Segregation	Women	Men	Total	Aboriginal	Non-Aboriginal	Total
2009-10
Involuntary	333	5,885	6,218	1,592	4,626	6,218
Voluntary	18	1,272	1,290	379	911	1,290
Total	351	7,157	7,508	1,971	5,537	7,508

2010-11
Involuntary	384	6,293	6,677	1,816	4,861	6,677
Voluntary	12	1,402	1,414	450	964	1,414
Total	396	7,695	8,091	2,266	5,825	8,091

2011-12
Involuntary	393	6,548	6,941	1,832	5,109	6,941
Voluntary	24	1,358	1,382	436	946	1,382
Total	417	7,906	8,323	2,268	6,055	8,323

2012-13
Involuntary	390	6,322	6,712	1,929	4,783	6,712
Voluntary	26	1,483	1,509	513	996	1,509
Total	416	7,805	8,221	2,442	5,779	8,221

2013-14
Involuntary	331	6,249	6,580	1,839	4,741	6,580
Voluntary	16	1,541	1,557	536	1,021	1,557
Total	347	7,790	8,137	2,375	5,762	8,137

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

Almost half of admissions to administrative segregation stay for less than 30 days

Figure C18

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Just under half (47.4%) of offenders stayed in administrative segregation for 30 days or less, and 18.3% stayed between 30 and 60 days. 18.0% of offenders in administrative segregation stayed more than 120 days.
92.9% of women stayed in administrative segregation for less than 30 days.
The number of offenders who stayed more than 120 days in administrative segregation is higher for Aboriginal (22.8%) than for non-Aboriginal offenders (15.6%).

Note:

Table C18
Length of Stay in Administrative Segregation	By Gender				By Race
Length of Stay in Administrative Segregation	Women		Men		Aboriginal		Non-Aboriginal		Total
	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%
2013-14
< 30 days	13	92.9	354	46.6	121	48.4	246	46.9	367	47.4
30-60 days	0	0	142	18.7	38	15.2	104	19.8	142	18.3
61-90 days	0	0	76	10.0	21	8.4	55	10.5	76	9.8
91-120 days	0	0	50	6.6	13	5.2	37	7.1	50	6.5
> 120 days	1	7.1	138	18.2	57	22.8	82	15.6	139	18.0
Total	14	100.0	760	100.0	250	100.0	524	100.0	774	100.0

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

The number of offender deaths while in custody has fluctuated

Figure C19

Source: Adult Correctional Services Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada

In the ten-year period from 2001-02 to 2010-11, 530 federal offenders and 328 provincial offenders have died while in custody.
During this time period, suicides accounted for 17.4% of federal offender deaths and 28.1% of provincial offender deaths. The suicide rate was approximately 70 per 100,000 for incarcerated federal offenders, and approximately 43 per 100,000 for incarcerated provincial offenders**. These rates are significantly higher than Canada’s 2007 rate of 10.2 suicides per 100,000 people.
Between 2001-02 and 2010-11, 5.5% of the federal offender deaths were due to homicide, whereas homicide accounted for 1.5% of provincial offender deaths. The homicide rate for incarcerated federal offenders was approximately 22 per 100,000 and 2.3 per 100,000 for incarcerated provincial offenders**. These rates are significantly higher than the national homicide rate of 1.6 per 100,000 people in 2007.

Note:

*Other causes of death include: natural causes, accidental deaths, death as a result of a legal intervention, other causes of death and where cause of death was not stated.

**For the calculation of rates, the total actual in-count numbers between 2001-02 and 2010-11 was used as the denominator.

The data on cause of death are subject to change following an official review or investigation, and should be used/interpreted with caution. The data presented were provided by the Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics at Statistics Canada, and may not reflect the outcome of recent reviews or investigations on cause of death.

Table C19
Year	Type of Death
Year		Homicide		Suicide		Other*	Total
	#	%	#	%	#	%	#
Federal
2001-02	1	2.0	13	25.5	37	72.5	51
2002-03	2	4.1	12	24.5	35	71.4	49
2003-04	8	11.9	11	16.4	48	71.6	67
2004-05	3	6.1	9	18.4	37	75.5	49
2005-06	3	6.1	10	20.4	36	73.5	49
2006-07	3	4.9	10	16.4	48	78.7	61
2007-08	1	2.5	5	12.5	34	85.0	40
2008-09	2	3.1	9	13.8	54	83.1	65
2009-10	1	2.0	9	18.4	39	79.6	49
2010-11	5	10.0	4	8.0	41	82.0	50
Total	29	5.5	92	17.4	409	77.2	530

Provincial
2001-02	0	0.0	17	41.5	24	58.5	41
2002-03	2	7.1	14	50.0	12	42.9	28
2003-04	0	0.0	7	38.9	11	61.1	18
2004-05	0	0.0	12	25.0	36	75.0	48
2005-06	2	4.0	20	40.0	28	56.0	50
2006-07	0	0.0	8	23.5	26	76.5	34
2007-08	0	0.0	6	20.7	23	79.3	29
2008-09	1	3.0	7	21.2	25	75.8	33
2009-10	0	0.0	0	0.0	24	100.0	24
2010-11	0	0.0	1	4.3	22	95.7	23
Total	5	1.5	92	28.1	231	70.3	328

Total Federal and Provincial Offender Deaths	34	4.0	184	21.5	640	74.6	858

Source: Adult Correctional Services Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada

Note:

*Other causes of death include: natural causes, accidental deaths, death as a result of a legal intervention, other causes of death and where cause of death was not stated.

Percent calculation include deaths where the cause was unknown. Between 1999-00 and 2010-11, there were 29 deaths in federal custody and 83 deaths in provincial custody where the cause was unknown.

The number of escapes has declined

Figure C20

Source: Security, Correctional Service Canada.

In 2013-14, there were 11 escape incidents involving a total of 13 offenders. All of the 13 offenders were recaptured. This represents the lowest number of escape incidents in the past 10 years.
In 2013-14, one of the escapees was from a medium security facility, and all other escapees were from minimum security facilities.
Offenders who escaped from federal institutions in 2013-14 represented less than 0.1% of the in custody population.

Note:

The data represent the number of escape incidents from federal facilities during each fiscal year. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

An escape incident can involve more than one offender.

Table C20
Type of Escapes	2009-10	2010-11	2011-12	2012-13	2013-14
Escapes from Multi-level Institutions	0	0	0	0	0
Number of Escapees	0	0	0	0	0
Escapes from Maximum Security Level Institutions	0	0	0	0	0
Number of Escapees	0	0	0	0	0
Escapes from Medium Security Level Institutions	1	0	0	0	1
Number of Escapees	1	0	0	0	1
Escapes from Minimum Security Level Institutions	28	14	15	18	10
Number of Escapees	30	17	16	24	12
Total Number of Escape Incidents	29	14	15	18	11
Total Number of Escapees	31	17	16	24	13

Source: Security, Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

The data represent the number of escape incidents from federal facilities during each fiscal year. A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

An escape incident can involve more than one offender.

The population of offenders in the community under supervision has decreased in the past 5 years

Figure C21

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Over the past five years, there has been a decrease of 2.7% for the total offender population in the community. For the same time period, there has been a 13.6% decrease in offenders on full parole and an increase of 11.9% in offenders on statutory release.
As of end of fiscal year 2013-14, there were 6,993 men and 484 women on active community supervision.

Note:

*A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

The data presented above reflect the offender population in the community under supervision which includes all active offenders on day parole, full parole, statutory release, offenders who are temporarily detained in a non-CSC facility, and offenders who are unlawfully at large for less than 90 days.

Day parole is a type of conditional release granted by the Parole Board of Canada whereby offenders are permitted to participate in community-based activities in preparation for full parole or statutory release. The conditions require offenders to return nightly to an institution or half-way house unless otherwise authorized by the Parole Board of Canada.

Full parole is a type of conditional release granted by the Parole Board of Canada whereby the remainder of the sentence is served under supervision in the community.

Statutory release refers to a conditional release that is subject to supervision after the offender has served two-thirds of the sentence.

Table C21
Year	Supervision Type of Offenders
	Day Parole		Full Parole		Statutory Release		Totals			% change*
	Women	Men	Women	Men	Women	Men	Women	Men	Both	Both
2004-05	105	969	284	3,488	83	2,313	472	6,770	7,242	-4.4
2005-06	85	1,096	306	3,407	79	2,298	470	6,801	7,271	0.4
2006-07	108	1,071	319	3,493	80	2,426	507	6,990	7,497	3.1
2007-08	114	1,062	326	3,477	112	2,395	552	6,934	7,486	-0.1
2008-09	106	1,017	343	3,421	113	2,682	562	7,120	7,682	2.6
2009-10	108	1,084	329	3,419	94	2,612	531	7,115	7,646	-0.5
2010-11	79	1,017	314	3,443	109	2,601	502	7,061	7,563	-1.1
2011-12	123	1,123	257	3,155	127	2,668	507	6,946	7,453	-1.5
2012-13	116	1,108	225	2,932	137	2,805	478	6,845	7,323	-1.7
2013-14	106	1,105	225	3,014	153	2,874	484	6,993	7,477	2.1

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

*Percent change is measured from the previous year.

A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Day parole is a type of conditional release granted by the Parole Board of Canada whereby the remainder of the sentence is served under supervision in the community.

Statutory release refers to a conditional release that is subject to supervision after the offender has served two-thirds of the sentence.

Provincial/territorial community corrections population decreased in 2011-12

Figure C22

Source: Corrections Key Indicator Report for Adults and Youth, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

The provincial/territorial community corrections population decreased 3.3% in 2011-12 from 2010-11 from 112,894 to 109,215.
Since the introduction of the conditional sentence as a sentencing option in September 1996, the number of offenders serving a conditional sentence had increased steadily until 2002-03. In the years since, the number of offenders serving a conditional sentence has fluctuated.
In 2011-12, the total number of offenders on probation was 96,643.

Note:

A conditional sentence is a disposition of the court where the offender serves a term of imprisonment in the community under specified conditions. This type of sentence can only be imposed in cases where the term of imprisonment would be less than two years. Conditional sentences have been a provincial and territorial sentencing option since September 1996.

To allow for comparisons, the numbers exclude information from Newfoundland & Labrador, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, Northwest Territories, and Nunavut, as complete statistics for these jurisdictions were not available. As a result of these changes, the data presented in this year’s report may not be comparable to the data reported in previous versions of the Corrections and Conditional Release Statistical Overview.

Table C22
Year	Average Monthly Offender Counts on Probation	Average Monthly Offender Counts on Conditional Sentence	Total
2002-03	98,280	12,688	110,968
2003-04	94,162	13,050	107,212
2004-05	91,991	13,319	105,309
2005-06	91,663	13,401	105,063
2006-07	92,835	12,907	105,741
2007-08	94,709	12,605	107,314
2008-09	95,874	13,186	109,060
2009-10	99,427	13,363	112,790
2010-11	99,907	12,987	112,894
2011-12	96,643	12,572	109,215

Source: Corrections Key Indicator Report for Adults and Youth, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:

The number of offenders on provincial parole has decreased over the past decade

Figure C23

Source: Corrections Key Indicator Report for Adults and Youth, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Over the past ten years, there has been a 34.7% decrease in the number of offenders on provincial parole, from 1,209 in 2002-03 to 790 in 2011-12.

Note:

Provincial parole boards operate in Quebec and Ontario. On April 1, 2007, the Parole Board of Canada assumed responsibility for parole decisions relating to offenders serving sentences in British Columbia’s provincial correctional facilities. The Parole Board of Canada has jurisdiction over granting parole to provincial offenders in the Atlantic and Prairie provinces, British Columbia, and to territorial offenders in the Yukon, Nunavut and Northwest Territories.

Table C23
Year	Average Monthly Counts on Provincial Parole
	Provincial Boards				Parole Board of Canada**	Total	Percent Change
	Quebec	Ontario	British Columbia*	Total	Parole Board of Canada**	Total	Percent Change
2002-03	581	210	223	1,014	195	1,209	-25,1
2003-04	550	146	189	885	190	1,075	-11,1
2004-05	517	127	166	810	176	986	-8,3
2005-06	628	152	147	926	163	1,089	10.4
2006-07	593	142	120	855	136	991	-9.0
2007-08	581	205	n/a	785	237	1,022	3.1
2008-09	533	217	n/a	750	190	940	-8.0
2009-10	506	194	n/a	700	168	868	-7.7
2010-11	482	171	n/a	653	151	804	-7.4
2011-12	481	179	n/a	660	130	790	-1.8

Source: Corrections Key Indicator Report for Adults and Youth, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:

*On April 1, 2007, the Parole Board of Canada assumed responsibility for parole decisions relating to offenders serving sentences in British Columbia’s provincial correctional facilities.

**The data represent the number of provincial offenders who are released from custody on the authority of the Parole Board of Canada and supervised by the Correctional Service of Canada.

Provincial parole boards operate in Quebec and Ontario. The Parole Board of Canada has jurisdiction over granting parole to provincial offenders in the Atlantic and Prairie provinces, British Columbia, and to territorial offenders in the Yukon, Nunavut and Northwest Territories.

Section D: Conditional Release

The percentage of offenders released from federal penitentiaries at statutory release is increasing

Figure D1

Source: Correctional Service of Canada.

In fiscal year 2013-14, 73.1% of all releases from federal institutions were at statutory release.
In fiscal year 2013-14, 84.6% of releases for Aboriginal offenders were at statutory release compared to 69.3% of releases for Non-Aboriginal offenders.
Over the past ten years, the percentage of releases at statutory release increased from 67.8% to 73.1%.

Note:

The data includes all releases from federal penitentiaries in a given fiscal year excluding offenders with quashed sentences, offenders who died in custody LTSO releases, offenders released at warrant expiry and offenders transferred to foreign countries. An offender may be released more than once a year in cases where a previous release was subject to revocation, suspension, temporary detention , or interruption.

Statutory release refers to a conditional release that is subject to supervision after the offender has served two-thirds of the sentence.

A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Table D1
	Aboriginal			Non-Aboriginal			Total Offender Population
Year	Statutory Release	Total Releases	Percent*	Statutory Release	Total Releases	Percent*	Statutory Release	Total Releases	Percent*
2004-05	1,121	1,486	75.4%	3,971	6,029	65.9%	5,092	7,515	67.8%
2005-06	1,196	1,589	75.3%	4,021	6,245	64.4%	5,217	7,834	66.6%
2006-07	1,203	1,540	78.1%	4,047	6,165	65.6%	5,250	7,705	68.1%
2007-08	1,362	1,696	80.3%	4,124	6,283	65.6%	5,486	7,979	68.8%
2008-09	1,419	1,698	83.6%	4,346	6,441	67.5%	5,765	8,139	70.8%
2009-10	1,362	1,671	81.5%	4,190	6,196	67.6%	5,552	7,867	70.6%
2010-11	1,268	1,526	83.1%	3,826	5,777	66.2%	5,094	7,303	69.8%
2011-12	1,387	1,678	82.7%	3,940	5,626	70.0%	5,327	7,304	72.9%
2012-13	1,520	1,838	82.7%	4,033	5,688	70.9%	5,553	7,526	73.8%
2013-14	1,620	1,916	84.6%	4,015	5,795	69.3%	5,635	7,711	73.1%

Source: Correctional Service of Canada.

Note:

*Percentage is calculated based on the number of statutory releases compared to the total releases for each offender group.

Statutory release refers to a conditional release that is subject to supervision after the offender has served two-thirds of the sentence.

A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

The percentage of offenders released from federal penitentiaries on day and full parole is decreasing

Figure D2

The federal full parole grant rate for Aboriginal offenders increased for the third consecutive year - percentage of offenders released

Source: Correctional Service of Canada.

In fiscal year 2013-14, 24.8% of all releases from federal institutions were on day parole and 2.1% were on full parole.
In fiscal year 2013-14, 14.6% of all releases of Aboriginal offenders were on day parole and 0.9% were on full parole compared to 28.2% and 2.5% respectively for Non-Aboriginal offenders.
Over the past ten years, the percentage of releases on day parole decreased rom 29.2% to 24.8% and the percentage of releases on full parole decreased from 3.1% to 2.1%.

Note:

Percentage is calculated based on the number of day and full paroles compared to the total releases for each offender group.

Full parole is a type of conditional release granted by the Parole Board of Canada whereby the remainder of the sentence is served under supervision in the community.

A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

Table D2
		Aboriginal			Non-Aboriginal			Total Offender Population
Year		Day Parole	Full Parole	Total Releases	Day Parole	Full Parole	Total Releases	Day Parole	Full Parole	Total Releases
2004-05	#	335	30	1,486	1,858	200	6,029	2,193	230	7,515
	%	22.5%	2.0%		30.8%	3.3%		29.2%	3.1%
2005-06	#	370	23	1,589	1,990	234	6,245	2,360	257	7,834
	%	23.3%	1.4%		31.9%	3.7%		30.1%	3.3%
2006-07	#	322	15	1,540	1,937	181	6,165	2,259	196	7,705
	%	20.9%	1.0%		31.4%	2.9%		29.3%	2.5%
2007-08	#	316	18	1,696	1,984	175	6,283	2,300	193	7,979
	%	18.6%	1.1%		31.6%	2.8%		28.8%	2.4%
2008-09	#	263	16	1,698	1,877	218	6,441	2,140	234	8,139
	%	15.5%	0.9%		29.1%	3.4%		26.3%	2.9%
2009-10	#	296	13	1,671	1,842	164	6,196	2,138	177	7,867
	%	17.7%	0.8%		29.7%	2.6%		27.2%	2.2%
2010-11	#	247	11	1,526	1,812	139	5,777	2,059	150	7,303
	%	16.2%	0.7%		31.4%	2.4%		28.2%	2.1%
2011-12	#	278	13	1,678	1,570	116	5,626	1,848	129	7,304
	%	16.6%	0.8%		27.9%	2.1%		25.3%	1.8%
2012-13	#	309	9	1,838	1,545	110	5,688	1,854	119	7,526
	%	16.8%	0.5%		27.2%	1.9%		24.6%	1.6%
2013-14	#	279	17	1,916	1,633	147	5,795	1,912	164	7,711
	%	14.6%	0.9%		28.2%	2.5%		24.8%	2.1%

Source: Correctional Service of Canada.

Note:

Percentage is calculated based on the number of day and full paroles compared to the total releases for each offender group.

Full parole is a type of conditional release granted by the Parole Board of Canada whereby the remainder of the sentence is served under supervision in the community.

A fiscal year runs from April 1 to March 31 of the following year.

The federal day and full parole grant rates increased in 2013-14

Figure D3

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Compared to the grant rates in 2010-11, the lowest in the last decade, the federal day and full parole grant rates increased (7.3% and 13.4% respectively) in 2013-14.
Over the last 10 years, women offenders were more likely to be granted day and full parole than men offenders.
When compared with the rates in 2004-05, the grant rate for federal day parole decreased to 69.9% (-5.1%), while the grant rate for federal full parole increased to 30.0% (+4.9%).

Note:

The grant rate represents the percentage of pre-release reviews resulting in a grant by the Parole Board of Canada.

Day parole is a type of conditional release granted by the Parole Board of Canada in which offenders are permitted to participate in community-based activities in preparation for full parole or statutory release. The conditions require offenders to return nightly to an institution or half-way house unless otherwise authorized by the Parole Board of Canada. Not all offenders apply for day parole, and some apply more than once before being granted day parole.

Full parole is a type of conditional release granted by the Parole Board of Canada in which the remainder of the sentence is served under supervision in the community. The Parole Board of Canada must review the cases of all offenders for full parole at the time prescribed by legislation, unless the offender advises the Parole Board of Canada in writing that he/she does not wish to be considered for full parole.

Grant rates should be read with caution. Even though comparisons were made between federal regular day parole and full parole grant rates only, they nevertheless contain an APR residual effect between 2011-12 and 2013-14. A sufficiently large proportion of APR-affected population were granted regular federal day parole and full parole, perhaps inflating the grant rates.

Table D3
Type of Release	Year	Granted		Denied		Grant Rate (%)			APR*
Type of Release	Year	Women	Men	Women	Men	Women	Men	Total	Directed	Total
Day Parole	2004-05	169	2,062	23	723	88.0	74.0	74.9	846	1,152
	2005-06	128	2,111	25	719	83.7	74.6	75.1	970	1,345
	2006-07	143	2,039	31	876	82.2	69.9	70.6	984	1,428
	2007-08	162	2,001	22	776	88.0	72.1	73.0	977	1,482
	2008-09	135	1,908	24	825	84.9	69.8	70.6	1,000	1,525
	2009-10	151	1,959	40	967	79.1	67.0	67.7	947	1,491
	2010-11	134	1,856	40	1,151	77.0	61.7	62.6	970	1,591
	2011-12	248	2,492	64	1,443	79.5	63.3	64.5	0	0
	2012-13	287	2,823	71	1,416	80.2	66.6	67.7	14	21
	2013-14	244	2,828	52	1,272	82.4	69.0	69.9	39	47
Full Parole	2004-05	56	545	71	1,724	44.1	24.0	25.1	916	920
	2005-06	38	533	67	1,924	36.2	21.7	22.3	1,057	1,066
	2006-07	41	523	81	2,035	33.6	20.4	21.0	1,038	1,042
	2007-08	40	490	70	1,990	36.4	19.8	20.5	1,030	1,036
	2008-09	43	495	61	2,017	41.3	19.7	20.6	1,097	1,100
	2009-10	32	459	89	2,077	26.4	18.1	18.5	1,004	1,010
	2010-11	20	435	85	2,206	19.0	16.5	16.6	1,046	1,059
	2011-12	76	643	126	2,317	37.6	21.7	22.7	0	0
	2012-13	90	913	141	2,328	39.0	28.2	28.9	26	26
	2013-14	84	901	103	2,200	29.1	29.1	30.0	126	142

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

The grant rate represents the percentage of pre-release reviews resulting in a grant by the Parole Board of Canada.

*On March 28, 2011, Bill C-59 (Abolition of Early Parole Act) eliminated the accelerated parole review (APR) process, affecting first-time non-violent offenders serving sentences for schedule II and non-scheduled offences, who in 2011-12 were no longer eligible for an APR review. These offenders are now assessed on general reoffending as compared to the APR risk assessment, which considered the risk of committing a violent offence only. To better illustrate historical trends, APR decisions were excluded from grant rates. However information on APR (those who were directed and total eligible) is included separately in the table for the reader. Grant rates should be read with caution. Even though comparisons were made between federal regular day parole and full parole grant rates only, they nevertheless contain an APR residual effect between 2011-12 and 2013-14. A sufficiently large proportion of APR-affected population were granted regular federal day parole and full parole, perhaps inflating the grant rates.

The federal full parole grant rate for Aboriginal offenders increased for the fourth consecutive year

Figure D4

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

In 2013-14, the federal day and full parole grant rates increased for both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal offenders.
In 2013-14, the federal full parole grant rates for non-Aboriginal offenders slightly increased by 0.2% compared to 6.7% in 2012-13.
In 2013-14, the grant rates for Aboriginal offenders were lower compared to non-Aboriginal offenders for federal day parole (64.5% versus 71.0%, respectively) and full parole (22.7% versus 31.3%, respectively).

Note:

The grant rate represents the percentage of pre-release reviews resulting in a grant by the Parole Board of Canada.

On March 28, 2011, Bill C-59 (Abolition of Early Parole Act) eliminated the accelerated parole review (APR) process, affecting first-time non-violent offenders serving sentences for schedule II and non-scheduled offences, who in 2011-12 were no longer eligible for an APR review. These offenders are now assessed on general reoffending as compared to the APR risk assessment, which considered the risk of committing a violent offence only. To better illustrate historical trends, APR decisions were excluded. Grant rates should be read with caution. Even though comparisons were made between federal regular day parole and full parole grant rates only, they nevertheless contain an APR residual effect between 2011-12 and 2013-14. A sufficiently large proportion of APR-affected population were granted regular federal day parole and full parole, perhaps inflating the grant rates.

Table D4
Type of Release	Year	Aboriginal			Non-Aboriginal			Total Number Granted/Denied
Type of Release	Year	Number Granted	Number Denied	Grant Rate (%)	Number Granted	Number Denied	Grant Rate (%)	Total Number Granted/Denied
Day Parole	2004-05	429	101	80.9	1,802	645	73.6	2,977
	2005-06	488	120	80.3	1,751	624	73.7	2,983
	2006-07	444	169	72.4	1,738	738	70.2	3,089
	2007-08	403	126	76.2	1,760	672	72.4	2,961
	2008-09	377	156	70.7	1,666	693	70.6	2,892
	2009-10	395	196	66.8	1,715	811	67.9	3,117
	2010-11	361	276	56.7	1,629	915	64.0	3,181
	2011-12	447	326	57.8	2,293	1,181	66.0	4,247
	2012-13	544	314	63.4	2,566	1,173	68.6	4,597
	2013-14	504	277	64.5	2,568	1,047	71.0	4,396
Full Parole	2004-05	114	305	27.2	487	1,490	24.6	2,396
	2005-06	105	383	21.5	466	1,608	22.5	2,562
	2006-07	76	394	16.2	488	1,722	22.1	2,680
	2007-08	81	348	18.9	449	1,712	20.8	2,590
	2008-09	73	378	16.2	465	1,700	21.5	2,616
	2009-10	50	386	11.5	441	1,780	19.9	2,657
	2010-11	70	458	13.3	385	1,833	17.4	2,746
	2011-12	74	445	14.3	645	1,998	24.4	3,162
	2012-13	98	468	17.3	905	2,001	31.1	3,472
	2013-14	117	398	22.7	868	1,905	31.3	3,288

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

The grant rate represents the percentage of pre-release reviews resulting in a grant by the Parole Board of Canada.

Federal parole hearings involving an Aboriginal Cultural Advisor decreased

Figure D5

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

In 2013-14, the number of federal hearings involving an Aboriginal Cultural Advisor decreased to 375 (-20%) compared to 2012-13, and was the lowest of the last 10 years.
In 2013-14, 38.7% (340) of all federal hearings for Aboriginal offenders were held with an Aboriginal Cultural Advisor.
In 2013-14, 0.9% (35) of all federal hearings for offenders who did not self-identify as Aboriginal were held with an Aboriginal Cultural Advisor.

Note:

The presence of an Aboriginal Cultural Advisor is an alternative approach to the traditional parole hearing, and was introduced by the Parole Board of Canada to ensure that conditional release hearings were sensitive to Aboriginal cultural values and traditions. This type of hearing is available to both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal offenders.

Table D5
Year	Hearings held with an Aboriginal Cultural Advisor
	Aboriginal Offenders			Non-Aboriginal Offenders			All Offenders
	Total Hearings	With Cultural Advisor		Total Hearings	With Cultural Advisor		Total Hearings	With Cultural Advisor
	#	#	%	#	#	%	#	#	%
2004-05	1,355	614	45.3	5,025	98	2.0	6,380	712	11.2
2005-06	1,410	642	45.5	5,169	100	1.9	6,579	742	11.3
2006-07	1,367	606	44.3	5,269	79	1.5	6,636	685	10.3
2007-08	1,252	471	37.6	4,749	50	1.1	6,001	521	8.7
2008-09	1,204	425	35.3	4,416	53	1.2	5,620	478	8.5
2009-10	1,160	361	31.1	4,520	59	1.3	5,680	420	7.4
2010-11	1,193	437	36.6	4,387	52	1.2	5,580	489	8.8
2011-12	1,209	423	35.0	4,702	47	1.0	5,911	470	8.0
2012-13	1,275	424	33.3	4,685	45	1.0	5,960	469	7.9
2013-14	878	340	38.7	3,724	35	0.9	4,602	375	8.1

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

Proportion of sentence served prior to being released on parole decreased

Figure D6

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

In 2013-14, the average proportion of sentence served before the first parole release for offenders serving determinate sentences decreased to 37.9% (-0.5%) for day parole and to 46.4% (-0.3%) for full parole, as compared to the previous year.
Since 2004-05, women offenders have served less of their sentences before the first federal day parole release than men offenders. However, in 2012-13, women offenders served an average of 0.5% more of their sentences before the first federal day parole than men offenders (38.9% versus 38.3%, respectively).
In 2013-14, women offenders served an average of 2.6% less of their sentences before the first federal full parole supervision than men offenders compared to 1.4% in 2012-13.
In 2013-14, women offenders and men offenders served an average of 6.0% and 4.9% more of their sentence before first federal day parole supervision and 6.8% and 7.0% more of their sentence before the first federal full parole supervision compared to 2004-05.

Note:

Timing of parole in the sentence refers to the percentage of the sentence served at the time the first day parole or full parole starts during the sentence. In most cases a full parole is preceded by a day parole.

These calculations are based on sentences under federal jurisdiction, excluding life sentences and indeterminate sentences.

Offenders (other than those serving life or indeterminate sentences or subject to judicial determination) normally become eligible for full parole after serving 1/3 of their sentence or seven years, whichever is less. Eligibility for day parole is normally at 6 months before full parole eligibility.

The increases in the average proportion of time served after 2010-11 are in part due to the effect of Bill C-59 and were driven primarily by offenders serving sentences for schedule II and non-scheduled offences (some of whom were former APR-eligible offenders).

Table D6
Year	Type of Supervision
	First Day Parole			First Full Parole
	Women	Men	Total	Women	Men	Total
	Percentage of sentence incarcerated
2004-05	28.8	33.3	32.9	37.2	39.6	39.4
2005-06	28.5	32.9	32.5	36.1	39.3	38.9
2006-07	27.4	33.2	32.6	37.2	39.3	39.1
2007-08	30.3	32.3	32.1	37.9	38.4	38.4
2008-09	28.2	32.4	31.9	36.6	38.7	38.4
2009-10	29.5	33.2	32.8	36.1	38.5	38.2
2010-11	29.2	31.8	31.6	36.6	38.0	37.9
2011-12	35.0	38.1	37.8	40.3	41.7	41.6
2012-13	38.9	38.3	38.4	45.4	46.8	46.7
2013-14	34.8	38.2	37.9	44.0	46.8	46.4

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

These calculations are based on sentences under federal jurisdiction, excluding life sentences and indeterminate sentences.

Aboriginal offenders serve a higher proportion of their sentences before being released on parole

Figure D7

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

In 2013-14, the average proportion of time served before the first federal day parole supervision period and the first federal full parole supervision period was lower for non-Aboriginal offenders than for Aboriginal offenders (37.2% versus 42.8%, and 46.0% versus 49.2%, respectively).

Note:

These calculations are based on sentences under federal jurisdiction, excluding life sentences and indeterminate sentences.

Table D7
Year	Type of Supervision
	First Day Parole			First Full Parole
	Aboriginal	Non-Aboriginal	Total	Aboriginal	Non-Aboriginal	Total
	Percentage of sentence incarcerated
2004-05	37.2	32.1	32.9	42.2	39.0	39.4
2005-06	36.5	31.8	32.5	42.2	38.5	38.9
2006-07	37.4	31.9	32.6	41.1	38.9	39.1
2007-08	38.4	31.1	32.1	41.1	38.1	38.4
2008-09	38.2	31.0	31.9	41.1	38.2	38.4
2009-10	38.7	31.9	32.8	41.2	37.9	38.2
2010-11	37.2	30.8	31.6	41.3	37.5	37.9
2011-12	41.8	37.1	37.8	44.0	41.3	41.6
2012-13	42.1	37.7	38.4	48.7	46.5	46.7
2013-14	42.8	37.2	37.9	49.2	46.0	46.4

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

These calculations are based on sentences under federal jurisdiction, excluding life sentences and indeterminate sentences.

The majority of federal day paroles are successfully completed

Figure D8

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Since 2004-05, over 80% of federal day paroles have been successfully completed.
In 2013-14, the successful completion rate of federal day parole was 89.6%, the highest of the last ten years.
During the five-year period between 2009-10 and 2013-14, the successful completion rate for offenders released on APR day parole was slightly higher (88.7%) than for offenders released on regular day parole (87.9%).
In 2013-14, 1.0% of federal day paroles ended with a non-violent offence and 0.2% with a violent offence.
In 2013-14, for the second consecutive year, the successful completion rate was higher for women offenders than for men offenders (91.4% versus 89.5%, respectively).

Note:

*Revocation for Breach of Conditions includes revocation with outstanding charges.

A day parole is considered successful if it was completed without a return to prison for a breach of conditions or for a new offence.

Table D8
Federal Full Parole Outcomes*	2009-10		2010-11		2011-12		2013-14		2013-14
	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%
Successful Completion
Regular	1,720	86.0	1,750	86.8	1,911	87.4	2,737	88.6	2,759	89.5
Accelerated	808	86.4	871	90.2	364	89.2	21	95.5	27	100.0
Total	2,528	86.1	2,621	87.9	2,275	87.7	2,758	88.7	2,786	89.6
Revocation for Breach of Conditions**
Regular	223	11.2	215	10.7	232	10.6	287	9.3	285	9.3
Accelerated	102	10.9	72	7.5	35	8.6	1	4.5		0.0
Total	325	11.1	287	9.6	267	10.3	288	9.3	285	9.2
Revocation with Non-Violent Offence
Regular	42	2.1	40	2.0	37	1.7	58	1.9	32	1.0
Accelerated	23	2.5	23	2.4	8	2.0	0	0.0	0	0.0
Total	65	2.2	63	2.1	45	1.7	58	1.9	32	1.0
Revocation with Violent Offence***
Regular	15	0.8	10	0.5	7	0.3	6	0.2	5	0.2
Accelerated	2	0.2	0	0.0	1	0.2	0	0.0		0.0
Total	17	0.6	10	0.3	8	0.3	6	0.2	5	0.2
Total
Regular	2,000	68.1	2,015	67.6	2,187	84.3	3,088	99.3	3,081	99.1
Accelerated	935	31.9	966	32.4	408	15.7	22	0.7	27	0.9
Total	2,935	100.0	2,981	100.0	2,595	100.0	3,110	100.0	3,108	100.0

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

*Revocation for Breach of Conditions includes revocation with outstanding charges.

**Violent offences include murder and Schedule I offences (listed in the Corrections and Conditional Release Act) such as assaults, sexual offences, arson, abduction, robbery and some weapon offences.

A day parole is considered successful if it was completed without a return to prison for a breach of conditions or for a new offence.

The majority of federal full paroles are successfully completed

Figure D9

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

In 2013-14, the successful completion rates of federal full parole was 85%, the same as the previous year, and an increase of 9.8% compared to 2009-10.
In the last five years, the successful completion rate on APR full parole was on average 2% lower (78.8% compared to 80.8%) than the rate on regular full parole.
In 2013-14, 2.9% of federal full paroles ended with a non-violent offence and 0.3% with a violent offence. That represents a decrease of 0.8% and 0.3% compared to 2012-13.
In 2013-14, the successful completion rate of federal full paroles was higher for women offenders than for men offenders (92.2% versus 84.1%, respectively).

Note:

*Excludes offenders serving indeterminate sentences because they do not have a warrant expiry date and can only successfully complete full parole upon [their] death.

**Revocation for Breach of Conditions includes revocation with outstanding charges.

A full parole is considered successful if it was completed without a return to prison for a breach of conditions or for a new offence.

Table D9
Federal Full Parole Outcomes*	2009-10		2010-11		2011-12		2012-13		2013-14
	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%
Successful Completion
Regular	351	79.1	360	80.2	335	82.5	425	80.0	576	81.9
Accelerated	625	73.2	663	74.4	688	76.9	589	89.0	245	93.2
Total	976	75.2	1,023	76.3	1,023	78.6	1,014	85.0	821	85.0
Revocation for Breach of Conditions**
Regular	53	11.9	55	12.2	54	13.3	78	14.7	99	14.1
Accelerated	162	19.0	168	18.9	145	16.2	50	7.6	15	5.7
Total	215	16.6	223	16.6	199	15.3	128	10.7	114	11.8
Revocation with Non-Violent Offence
Regular	33	7.4	26	5.8	15	3.7	22	4.1	25	3.6
Accelerated	63	7.4	54	6.1	57	6.4	22	3.3	3	1.1
Total	96	7.4	80	6.0	72	5.5	44	3.7	28	2.9
Revocation with Violent Offence***
Regular	7	1.6	8	1.8	2	0.5	6	1.1	3	0.4
Accelerated	4	0.5	6	0.7	5	0.6	1	0.2	0	0.0
Total	11	0.8	14	1.0	7	0.5	7	0.6	3	0.3
Total
Regular	444	34.2	449	33.5	406	31.2	531	44.5	703	72.8
Accelerated	854	65.8	891	66.5	895	68.8	662	55.5	263	27.2
Total	1,298	100.0	1,340	100.0	1,301	100.0	1,193	100.0	966	100.0

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

*Excludes offenders serving indeterminate sentences because they do not have a warrant expiry date and can only successfully complete full parole upon [their] death.

**Revocation for Breach of Conditions includes revocation with outstanding charges.

***Violent offences include murder and Schedule I offences (listed in the Corrections and Conditional Release Act) such as assaults, sexual offences, arson, abduction, robbery and some weapon offences.

A full parole is considered successful if it was completed without a return to prison for a breach of conditions or for a new offence.

Statutory releases have the lowest rates of successful completion

Figure D10

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Over the past ten years, the successful completion rate for offenders on statutory release increased from 56.3% to 62.1%.
In 2013-14, 7.4% of statutory releases ended with a non-violent offence and 1.1% ended with a violent offence. That represents a decrease of 2.1% and 1.3% compared to 2009-10.
Over the last five years, the successful completion rate of statutory releases was higher for women offenders than for men offenders. In 2013-14, women offenders had a successful rate 8.8% higher (70.5% versus 61.7%) than men offenders. When compared with the year 2009-10, the successful completion rate of statutory releases increased for both women offenders and men offenders (+1.3% and +1.4%, respectively).

Note:

*Revocation for Breach of Conditions includes revocation with outstanding charges.

A statutory release is considered successful if it was completed without a return to prison for a breach of conditions or for a new offence.

An offender serving a determinate sentence, if he/she is not detained, will be subject to statutory release after serving 2/3 of his/her sentence if he/she is not on full parole at that time. On statutory release, an offender is subject to supervision until the end of his/her sentence.

Table D10
Statutory Release Outcomes	2009-10		2010-11		2011-12		2012-13		2013-14
	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%
Successful Completion	3,706	60.8	3,454	61.8	3,429	61.3	3,745	60.2	3,816	62.1
Revocation for Breach of Conditions*	1,663	27.3	1,479	26.5	1,554	27.8	1,849	29.7	1,800	29.3
Revocation with Non-Violent Offence	579	9.5	530	9.5	486	8.7	501	8.1	454	7.4
Revocation with Violent Offence**	149	2.4	122	2.2	122	2.2	123	2.0	70	1.1
Total	6,097	100	5,585	100	5,591	100	6,218	100	6,140	100

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

*Revocation for Breach of Conditions includes revocation with outstanding charges.

A statutory release is considered successful if it was completed without a return to prison for a breach of conditions or for a new offence.

Over the past decade, the rate of violent conviction for offenders while under supervision has declined

Figure D11

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

The rate of conviction for violent offences** in 2012-13 decreased by 21% for day parole, by 6% for full parole, and by 32% for statutory release, compared to 2004-05.
Those offenders under discretionary release (day and full parole) are less likely to be convicted of a violent offence while under supervision than those on statutory release.

Note:

*Supervised offenders include offenders who are on parole, statutory release, those temporarily detained in federal institutions, and those who are unlawfully at large.

Day and full parole include those offenders serving determinate and indeterminate sentences.

The dotted line between 2012-13 and 2013-14 is intended to signify that due to delays in the court process, these numbers under-represent the actual number of convictions, as verdicts may not have been reached by year-end.

Table D11
Year	# of Offenders Convicted for Violent Offences				Rate per 1,000 Supervised Offenders*
Year	Day Parole	Full Parole	Statutory Release	Total	Day Parole	Full Parole	Statutory Release
2004-05	32	36	201	269	26	9	67
2005-06	16	28	178	222	12	7	58
2006-07	25	21	213	259	19	6	67
2007-08	18	22	213	253	14	6	68
2008-09	22	17	152	191	18	4	45
2009-10	17	16	149	182	13	4	46
2010-11	10	19	122	151	8	5	38
2011-12	8	10	122	140	6	3	35
2012-13	6	11	123	140	5	3	35
2013-14**	5	3	70	78	4	1	20

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

*Supervised offenders include offenders who are on parole, statutory release, those temporarily detained in federal institutions, and those who are unlawfully at large.

**Due to delays in the court processes, the numbers under-represent the actual number of convictions, as verdicts may not have been reached by year-end.

Day and full parole include those offenders serving determinate and indeterminate sentences.

Violent offences include murder and Schedule I offences (listed in the Corrections and Conditional Release Act) such as assaults, sexual offences, arson, abduction, robbery and some weapon offences.

The number of offenders granted temporary absences has been stable in the last three years

Figure D12

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

The number of offenders receiving escorted and unescorted temporary absences has been stable in the last three years.
The number of offenders receiving work releases has decreased by 25.0%, from 424 in 2012-13 to 318 in 2013-14.
For the past 10 years, the average successful completion rates for escorted and unescorted temporary absences was 99% and 95% for work releases.

Note:

A temporary absence is permission given to an eligible offender to be away from the normal place of confinement for medical, administrative, community service, family contact, personal development for rehabilitative purposes, or compassionate reasons, including parental responsibilities.

A work release is a structured program of release of specified duration for work or community service outside the penitentiary, under the supervision of a staff member or other authorized person or organization.

These numbers depict the number of offenders who received at least one temporary absence permit (excluding those for medical purposes) or at least one work release. An offender may be granted more than one temporary absence permit or work release over a period of time.

Table D12
Year	Temporary Absences				Work Releases
Year	Escorted		Unescorted		Work Releases
	# of Offenders	# of Permits	# of Offenders	# of Permits	# of Offenders	# of Permits
2004-05	2,502	35,082	519	3,500	333	769
2005-06	2,558	36,959	498	2,939	355	997
2006-07	2,519	39,421	499	4,122	340	727
2007-08	2,500	41,473	464	3,679	301	615
2008-09	2,321	36,116	431	3,649	239	654
2009-10	2,207	35,769	386	3,280	250	1,051
2010-11	2,288	40,031	351	3,095	321	1,303
2011-12	2,686	44,366	414	3,851	406	816
2012-13	2,745	47,794	441	3,677	424	752
2013-14	2,711	49,141	446	3,930	318	476

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

Section E: Statistics on Special Applications of Criminal Justice

The number of initial detention reviews decreased in 2013-14

Figure E1

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

The annual number of initial detention reviews has been fluctuating since 1999-00.
Out of 3,789 initial detention reviews since 1999-00, 93.1% have resulted in a decision to detain.
In 2013-14, the initial detention rate was 96.2%, a decrease of 2.1% compared to 2012-13.
Since 1999-00, men accounted for 98.4% of all referrals for detention. During the same period, 60 women were referred for detention and 54 were detained
In 2013-14, Aboriginal offenders accounted for 23.2% of the Total In Custody Population serving determinate sentences while they accounted for 42.3% of offenders referred for detention and 42.0% of offenders detained.

Note:

According to the Corrections and Conditional Release Act, an offender entitled to statutory release after serving two-thirds of the sentence may be held in custody until warrant expiry if it is established that the offender is likely to commit, before the expiry of his/her sentence, an offence causing death or serious harm, a serious drug offence or a sex offence involving a child.

Table E1
Year	Outcome of Initial Detention Reviews										Total
	Detained				Statutory Release				Total
	Abor.	Non - Abor.	Total	%	Abor.	Non - Abor.	Total	%	Abor.	Non - Abor.
1999-00	82	126	208	93.7	3	11	14	6.3	85	137	222
2000-01	69	146	215	93.9	6	8	14	6.1	75	154	229
2001-02	75	182	257	94.5	2	13	15	5.5	77	195	272
2002-03	82	163	245	86.3	14	25	39	13.7	96	188	284
2003-04	72	207	279	92.1	8	16	24	7.9	80	223	303
2004-05	69	156	225	91.1	6	16	22	8.9	75	172	247
2005-06	75	158	233	89.3	11	17	28	10.7	86	175	261
2006-07	64	158	222	88.8	4	24	28	11.2	68	182	250
2007-08	85	162	247	93.2	7	11	18	6.8	92	173	265
2008-09	104	152	256	95.9	5	6	11	4.1	109	158	267
2009-10	95	166	261	93.9	2	15	17	6.1	97	181	278
2010-11	112	127	239	94.5	4	10	14	5.5	116	137	253
2011-12	88	119	207	96.7	3	4	7	3.3	91	123	214
2012-13	90	142	232	98.3	4	0	4	1.7	94	142	236
2013-14	84	116	200	96.2	4	4	8	3.8	88	120	208
Total	1,246	2,280	3,526	93.1	83	180	263	6.9	1,329	2,460	3,789

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

78% of judicial review hearings result in earlier parole eligibility

Figure E2

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Since the first judicial review hearing in 1987, there have been a total of 207 court decisions.
Of these cases, 78.3% of the court decisions resulted in a reduction of the period that must be served before parole eligibility.
Of the 813 offenders eligible to apply for a judicial review, 292 have already served 15 years of their sentence whereas 521 have not.
Of the 162 offenders who have had their parole eligibility date moved closer, 157 have reached their revised Day Parole eligibility date. Of these offenders, 145 have been released on parole, and 95 were being actively supervised in the community*.
A higher percentage of second degree (87.0%) than first degree (77.2%) murder cases have resulted in a reduction of the period required to be served before parole eligibility.

Note:

*Of the 50 offenders no longer under active supervision, 19 were in custody, 26 were deceased, four were deported, and one was unlawfully at large.

Judicial review is an application to the court for a reduction in the time required to be served before being eligible for parole. Judicial review procedures apply to offenders who have been sentenced to imprisonment for life without eligibility for parole until more than fifteen years of their sentence has been served.

Offenders can apply when they have served at least 15 years of their sentence.

Judicial reviews are conducted in the province where the conviction took place.

Table E2
Province/Territory of Judicial Review	Parole Ineligibility Reduced by Court		Reduction Denied by Court		Total
Province/Territory of Judicial Review	1^st degree murder	2^nd degree murder	1^st degree murder	2^nd degree murder	1^st degree murder	2^nd degree murder
Northwest Territories	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nunavut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yukon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Newfoundland & Labrador	0	0	0	0	0	0
Prince Edward Island	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nova Scotia	1	1	1	0	2	1
New Brunswick	1	0	0	0	1	0
Quebec	65	15	4	2	69	17
Ontario	22	0	20	1	42	1
Manitoba	8	3	1	0	9	3
Saskatchewan	6	0	3	0	9	0
Alberta	19	0	7	0	26	0
British Columbia	20	1	6	0	26	1
Sub-total	142	20	42	3	184	23
Total	162		45		207

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

These numbers represent total decisions as of end of fiscal year 2013-14.

Judicial reviews are conducted in the province where the conviction took place.

The number of dangerous offender designations

Figure E3

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

As of end of fiscal year 2013-14, there have been 678 offenders designated as Dangerous Offenders (DOs) since 1978. 72% have at least one current conviction for a sexual offence.
As of end of fiscal year 2013-14, there were 573 DOs under the responsibility of Correctional Service Canada, and of those 91.3% had indeterminate sentences.
Of these 573 DOs, 548 were in custody (representing 3.6% of the In Custody Population) and 25 were in the community under supervision.
There were four women with a Dangerous Offender designation.
Aboriginal offenders accounted for 29.7% of DOs and 21.0% of the Total Offender Population.

Note:

*The number of Dangerous Offenders designated per year does not include overturned decisions.

Offenders who have died since receiving designations are no longer classified as “active”; however, they are still represented in the above graph, which depicts the total number of offenders “designated”.

Dangerous Offender legislation came into effect in Canada on October 15, 1977, replacing the Habitual Offender and Dangerous Sexual Offender provisions that were abolished. A Dangerous Offender (DO) is an individual given an indeterminate or determinate sentence on the basis of a particularly violent crime or pattern of serious violent offences where it is judged that the offender’s behaviour is unlikely to be inhibited by normal standards of behavioural restraint (see section 753 of the Criminal Code of Canada). Determinate sentences for Dangerous Offenders must be a minimum punishment of imprisonment for a term of two years and have an order that the offender be subject to a long-term supervision period that does not exceed 10 years.

In addition to the DOs, there were 22 Dangerous Sexual Offenders and four Habitual Offenders.

Table E3
Province/Territory of Designation	All Designations (# designated since 1978)	Active Dangerous Offenders
Province/Territory of Designation	All Designations (# designated since 1978)	# of Indeterminate Offenders	# of Determinate Offenders	Total
Newfoundland & Labrador	11	8	0	8
Nova Scotia	19	16	0	16
Prince Edward Island	0	0	0	0
New Brunswick	8	7	0	7
Quebec	84	66	12	78
Ontario	280	212	22	234
Manitoba	20	18	1	19
Saskatchewan	63	46	9	55
Alberta	55	45	2	47
British Columbia	125	94	3	97
Yukon	2	1	1	2
Northwest Territories	9	9	0	9
Nunavut	2	1	0	1
Total	678	523	50	573

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

Numbers presented are as of end of fiscal year 2013-14.

The number of Dangerous Offenders declared per year does not include overturned decisions.

Offenders who have died since receiving designations are no longer classified as “active”; however, they are still represented in the total number of offenders “designated”.

Most long term supervision orders are for a 10-year period

Figure E4

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

As of end fiscal year 2013-14, the courts have imposed 899 long term supervision orders. Of these, 70.5% were for a period of 10 years.
There were 737 offenders with long term supervision orders, and of these, 486 (65.9%) had at least one current conviction for a sexual offence.
There were 14 women with long term supervision orders.
There were 382 offenders being supervised in the community on their long term supervision order at the end of fiscal year 2013-14. Of these, 341 offenders were supervised in the community, 40 offenders were temporarily detained, and one offender was unlawfully at large for less than 90 days.

Note:

Long Term Supervision Order (LTSO) legislation, which came into effect in Canada on August 1, 1997, allows the court to impose a sentence of two years or more for the predicate offence and order that the offender be supervised in the community for a further period not exceeding 10 years.

Forty-four offenders under these provisions have died and 91 offenders have completed their long term supervision period.

Table E4
Province or Territory of Order	Length of Supervision Order (years)											Current Status
Province or Territory of Order	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	Total	Incarcerated	DP, FP or SR*	LTSO period	LTSO** interrupted	Total
Newfoundland & Labrador	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	7	7	0	1	4	0	5
Nova Scotia	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	1	0	12	18	3	1	10	0	14
Prince Edward Island	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	2	0	0	0	0	0
New Brunswick	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	1	0	7	10	4	0	4	0	8
Quebec	1	1	3	2	53	12	27	10	1	187	297	98	14	128	5	245
Ontario	0	0	0	4	12	8	16	17	0	191	248	65	15	112	13	205
Manitoba	0	0	0	0	1	1	2	1	0	28	33	6	2	18	0	26
Saskatchewan	0	1	0	1	11	9	8	9	1	40	80	37	11	14	7	69
Alberta	0	0	0	0	7	1	0	1	0	55	64	19	4	29	1	53
British Columbia	0	0	0	1	10	4	5	6	0	93	119	31	11	51	3	96
Yukon	0	0	0	0	1	0	3	0	0	8	12	2	0	7	1	10
Northwest Territories	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	2	3	1	0	1	0	2
Nunavut	0	0	0	0	2	0	0	1	0	3	6	0	0	4	0	4
Total	1	2	4	8	105	35	61	47	2	634	899	266	59	382	30	737

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

*This category includes offenders whose current status is either supervised on day parole (DP), full parole (FP) or statutory release (SR).

**This category includes offenders convicted of a new offence while on the supervision portion of an LTSO. When this occurs, the LTSO supervision period is interrupted until the offender has served the new sentence to its warrant expiry date. At that time, the LTSO supervision period resumes where it left off.

These numbers are as of end of fiscal year 2013-14.

Forty-four offenders under these provisions have died and 91 offenders have completed their long term supervision period.

The number of record suspension applications received has decreased

Figure E5

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

The number of record suspension applications received decreased from 19,523 in 2012-13 to 14,253 in 2013-14. Of these 14,253 applications, 67.6% were accepted, an increase of 9.7% compared to 2012-13.
Approximately 3.8 million Canadians have a criminal record**, but less than 11.0% of people convicted have received a pardon/record suspension. Since 1970, when the pardon process began, 480,035 pardons/record suspensions have been granted/issued or ordered.

Note:

*Refers to record suspension applications received between March 13 and March 31, 2012.

**Source: Royal Canadian Mounted Police Criminal Records Division, 2009.

On March 13, 2012, Bill C-10 amended the CRA by replacing the term “pardon” with the term “record suspension”. The Record Suspension and Clemency program involves the review of record suspension applications, the ordering of record suspensions and the making of clemency recommendations. The amendments to the CRA increased the waiting periods for a record suspension to five years for all summary convictions and to ten years for all indictable offences. Individuals convicted of sexual offences against minors (with certain exceptions) and those who have been convicted of more than three indictable offences, each with a sentence of two or more years, became ineligible for a record suspension.

Table E5
Applications Processed	2009-10	2010-11	2011-12	2012-13	2013-14
Applications Received			1,039*	19,523	14,253
Applications Accepted			793	11,291	9,632
Percentage Accepted			76.3	57.8	67.6
Type of Record Suspension Decision
Ordered				6,030	8,515
Refused				208	777
Total Record Suspension Applications Ordered/Refused				6,238	9,292
Percentage Ordered				96.7	91.6
Type of Pardon Decision
Granted	16,250	9,393	3,270	612	8,278
Issued	7,889	2,693	–	–	–
Denied	437	293	276	130	588
Total Pardon Applications Granted/Issued/Denied	24,576	12,379	3,546	742**	8,866**
Percentage Granted/Issued	98.2	97.6	92.2	82.5	93.4
Total Pardon/Record Suspension Revocations/Cessations
Revocations***	194	71	1,132	991	669
Cessations	727	1,055	907	706	588
Total Revocations/Cessations	921	1,126	2,039	1,697	1,257
Cumulative Granted/Issued****	441,244	453,330	456,600	463,242	480,035
Cumulative Revocations/Cessations****	16,213	17,339	19,378	21,075	22,332

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

*Refers to record suspension applications received between March 13 and March 31, 2012.

**Refers to pardon applications received on or before March 12, 2012.

The number of record suspension applications received and accepted in 2012-13 should be considered with caution as the Record Suspension program, formerly the Pardon Program, underwent substantial changes between 2010-11 and 2012-13. The grant/issued rate for pardon applications processed in 2012/13 should be considered with caution. The Record Suspension program, formerly the Pardon Program, underwent substantial changes between 2010/11 and 2012/13.

***Revocations fluctuate due to resource re-allocation to deal with backlogs.

On June 29, 2010, Bill C-23A amended the CRA by extending the ineligibility periods for certain applications for pardon. Additionally, the bill resulted in significant changes to program operations. The process was modified to include additional inquiries and new, more exhaustive investigations by staff for some applications and required additional review time by Board members. New concepts of merit and disrepute to the administration of justice form part of the statute. As a result of these new changes, application processing time increased. On March 13, 2012, Bill C-10 amended the CRA by replacing the term “pardon” with the term “record suspension”. The Record Suspension and Clemency program involves the review of record suspension applications, the ordering of record suspensions and the making of clemency recommendations. The amendments to the CRA increased the waiting periods for a record suspension to five years for all summary convictions and to ten years for all indictable offences. Individuals convicted of sexual offences against minors (with certain exceptions) and those who have been convicted of more than three indictable offences, each with a sentence of two or more years, became ineligible for a record suspension.

****Cumulative data reflects activity since 1970, when the pardon process was established under the Criminal Records Act.

Section F: Victims of Crime

Victimization rates for theft of personal property have increased

Figure F1

Source: General Social Survey, Statistics Canada, 1999, 2004 and 2009.

Victimization rates for theft of personal property were higher in 2009 than in 1999.
Since 1999, the rates of victimization for assault have remained stable.

Note:

*Assault data includes incidents of spousal violence. In previous editions of this document, the victimization data excluded incidents of spousal violence.

Rates are based on 1,000 population, 15 years of age and older, across the 10 provinces.

Table F1
Type of Incident	Year
Type of Incident	1999	2004	2009
Theft of Personal Property	75	93	108
Sexual Assault	21	21	24
Robbery	9	11	13
Assault*	81	75	80

Source: General Social Survey, Statistics Canada, 1999, 2004 and 2009.

Note:

*Assault data includes incidents of spousal violence. In previous editions of this document, the victimization data excluded incidents of spousal violence.

Rates are based on 1,000 population, 15 years of age and older, across the 10 provinces.

The majority of victims of violent crime are under 30

Figure F2

Source: Incident-based Uniform Crime Reporting Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

More than half (51.9%) of all victims of violent crime reported in 2012 were under the age of 30, whereas 36.9% of the Canadian population is under the age of 30*.
Women aged 15 to 39 years were more likely than men of that age to be victims of crime.
Canadians aged 65 and older, who account for 14.1% of the general population*, represent 2.4% of victims of crime.

Note:

*Population estimates are as of July 1, 2010.

The data excludes traffic violations, victims whose age is above 89, victims whose age is unknown and victims whose gender is unknown.

Due to rounding, totals may not add to 100 percent.

Table F2 (2012)
Age of Victim	Men		Women		Total
	#	%	#	%	#	%
0 to 4 years	1,761	1.0	2,053	1.1	3,814	1.1
5 to 9 years	3,803	2.2	3,724	2.0	7,527	2.1
10 to 14 years	11,716	6.7	12,109	6.5	23,825	6.6
15 to 19 years	25,294	14.4	27,674	14.9	52,968	14.6
20 to 24 years	24,712	14.1	29,380	15.8	54,092	15.0
25 to 29 years	21,477	12.2	23,897	12.9	45,374	12.5
30 to 34 years	17,282	9.8	20,001	10.8	37,283	10.3
35 to 39 years	14,829	8.4	17,403	9.4	32,232	8.9
40 to 44 years	14,607	8.3	15,456	8.3	30,063	8.3
45 to 49 years	13,568	7.7	13,038	7.0	26,606	7.4
50 to 54 years	10,965	6.2	9,051	4.9	20,016	5.5
55 to 59 years	6,983	4.0	5,149	2.8	12,132	3.4
60 to 64 years	4,081	2.3	2,792	1.5	6,873	1.9
65 to 69 years	2,321	1.3	1,605	0.9	3,926	1.1
70 to 74 years	1,128	0.6	977	0.5	2,105	0.6
75 and over	228	0.7	1,507	0.8	2,735	0.8
Total	175,755	100.0	185,816	100.0	361,571	100.0

Source: Incident-based Uniform Crime Reporting Survey, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:

The data excludes traffic violations, victims whose age is above 89, victims whose age is unknown and victims whose gender is unknown.

Due to rounding, totals may not add to 100 percent.

The majority of victims receiving services are victims of violent crime

Figure F3

Source: Victim Services in Canada, 2011/2012; Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

On May 24, 2012, the Victim Services Survey snapshot day, 10,664 victims received formal assistance from a victim service office. This represents an increase of 12.7% from 9,462 on May 27, 2010. Of the 9,637 where the crime was known, the majority, 79.8% were victims of a violent crime.
Of the 9,709 cases in which gender of the victim was noted, women accounted for 74.9% of the victims who received formal assistance from a victim service office, and men represented 25.1%.
Of the 6,959 women who received formal assistance where the type of crime was known, 83.8% were victims of violent crime. A total of 2,105 women (30.2%) were victims of sexual assault.
Of the 2,359 men who received formal assistance where the type of crime was known, 69.2% were victims of violent crime. A total of 356 men (15.1%) were victims of sexual assault.

Note:

Victim services are defined as agencies that provide direct services to primary or secondary victims of crime, and that are funded in whole or in part by a ministry responsible for justice matters. Survey respondents included 684 victim service providers.

Table F3
Type of Crime	Gender of Victim
Type of Crime	Women		Men		Not Reported		Total
Snapshot on May 27, 2010	^#	%	^#	%	^#	%	^#	%
Homicide	154	2.4	70	3.3	3	0.5	227	2.5
Other offences causing death	95	1.5	77	32.7	8	1.4	180	2.0
Sexual assault	1,922	30.0	379	18.1	160	28.3	2,461	27.1
Other violent offences	3,323	51.8	917	43.8	262	46.4	4,502	49.6
Other criminal offences*	496	7.7	357	17.0	73	12.9	926	10.2
Other Incidents**	421	6.6	295	14.1	59	10.4	775	8.5
Total without unknown	6,411	100.0	2,095	100.0	565	100.0	9,071	100.0
Unknown type of crime	197	—	81	—	113	—	391	—
Total	6,608		2,176		678		9,462
Snapshot on May 24, 2012
Homicide	179	2.6	126	5.3	3	0.9	308	3.2
Other offences causing death	90	1.3	47	2.0	0	0.0	137	1.4
Sexual assault	2,105	30.2	356	15.1	37	11.6	2,498	25.9
Other violent offences	3,461	49.7	1,103	46.8	179	56.1	4,743	49.2
Other criminal offences*	676	9.7	507	21.5	66	20.7	1,249	13.0
Other Incidents**	448	6.4	220	9.3	34	10.7	702	7.3
Total without unknown	6,959	100.0	2,359	100.0	319	100.0	9,637	100.0
Unknown type of crime	310	—	81	—	636	—	1,027	—
Total	7,269		2,440		955		10,664

Source: Victim Services in Canada, 2009/2010; Victim Services in Canada 2011/2012; Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, Statistics Canada.

Note:

*Other criminal offences include arson, property crimes, traffic offences, and other Criminal Code offences.

**Other incidents include those of a non-criminal nature as well as those that are still under investigation to determine if they are criminal offences.

The number of victims registered with the federal correctional system has increased

Figure F4

Source: Data Warehouse, Performance Management. Correctional Service Canada.

Since 2006-07, there has been a 57.4% increase in the number of victims registered with the Correctional Service of Canada and the Parole Board of Canada combined, from 4,979 to 7,838.
Of the 23,154 offenders under the responsibility of the Correctional Service Canada in 2013-14, 17.3% (4,017) have registered victims.
In 2013-14, the Correctional Service of Canada provided 51,697 notifications** to registered victims.

Note:

*In order to register to receive information under sections 26 and 142 of the Corrections and Conditional Release Act, a person must meet the definition of a victim that appears in section 2, or subsections 26(3) or 142(3) of the Act. Victims can register with the Correctional Service of Canada or the Parole Board of Canada by completing a Victims Request for Information form, though a signed letter of request can be considered as meeting this requirement.

**A notification is a contact with a registered victim, by phone or mail, to provide information to which sections 26 and 142 of the Corrections and Conditional Release Act entitles them. Data is reported by CSC’s data warehouse using a snapshot of data as of April of each year.

Data is reported from the data freeze date in mid-April of each year.

Table F4
Year	Number of Offenders with Registered Victims	Number of Registered Victims*	Number of Notifications** to Registered Victims
2006-07	3,147	4,979	13,829
2007-08	3,295	5,294	16,281
2008-09	3,412	5,816	28,069
2009-10	3,509	6,366	37,471
2010-11	3,726	6,940	41,987
2011-12	3,824	7,322	46,787
2012-13	3,935	7,585	51,344
2013-14	4,017	7,838	51,697

Source: Data Warehouse; Performance Management: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

**A notification is a contact with a registered victim, by phone or mail, to provide information to which sections 26 and 142 of the Corrections and Conditional Release Act entitles them.

Data is reported by CSC’s data warehouse using a snapshot of data as of April of each year.

Offences causing death are the most common type of offence** that harmed the victims registered* with Correctional Service of Canada

Figure F5

Source: Data Warehouse, Performance Management: Correctional Service Canada.

Of the 7,838 registered victims*, 57.8% (4,533) were victims of an offence that caused death.
Victims of sexual offences (2,237) accounted for 28.5% of the registered victims*.
Victims of assault (941) and victims of offences involving violence or threats (720) accounted for 12.0% and 9.2% of the registered victims.

Note:

*In order to register to receive information under sections 26 and 142 of the Corrections and Conditional Release Act, a person must meet the definition of a victim that appears in section 2, or subsections 26(3) or 142(3) of the Act. Victims can register with the Correctional Service of Canada or the Parole Board of Canada by completing a Victims Request for Information form, though a signed letter of request can be considered as meeting this requirement.

**Some victims were harmed by more than one offence; therefore the number of Offences of Victimization are higher than the actual number of Registered Victims. The percentages represent the number of registered victims who were harmed by that offence.

Table F5
Type of Offence** That Harmed Victim*	2009-10		2010-11		2011-12		2012-13		2013-14
Type of Offence** That Harmed Victim*	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%	#	%
Offences Causing Death	2,936	46.1	3,804	54.8	4,056	55.4	4,292	56.6	4,533	57.8
Sexual Offences	1,579	24.8	2,098	30.2	2,114	28.9	2,169	28.6	2,237	28.5
Assaults	879	13.8	998	14.4	998	13.6	965	12.7	941	12.0
Involving Violence or Threats	525	8.2	680	9.8	707	9.7	710	9.4	720	9.2
Property Crimes	417	6.6	509	7.3	534	7.3	551	7.3	541	6.9
Other Offences	217	3.4	396	5.7	452	6.2	441	5.8	475	6.1
Attempts to Cause Death	182	2.9	233	3.4	241	3.3	246	3.2	283	3.6
Deprivation of Freedom	215	3.4	251	2.6	272	3.7	281	3.7	249	3.2
Driving Offences	100	1.6	123	1.8	125	1.7	152	2.0	153	2.0
Offence Not Recorded	192	3.0	55	0.8	6	0.1	4	0.1	9	0.1
Total Number of Victims**	6,366		6,940		7,322		7,585		7,838

Source: Data Warehouse, Performance Management. Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

*In order to register to receive information under sections 26 and 142 of the Corrections and Conditional Release Act, a person must meet the definition of a victim that appears in section 2, or subsections 26(3) or 142(3) of the Act. Victims can register with the Correctional Service of Canada or the Parole Board of Canada by completing a Victims Request for Information form, though a signed letter of request can be considered as meeting this requirement.

**Some victims were harmed by more than one offence, therefore the number of Offences of Victimization are higher than the number of Registered Victims.

The percentages in the table represent the number of registered victims who were harmed by that offence and do not add up to 100%.

Temporary Absence information is the most common type of information provided during a notification to registered victims* with Correcional Service of Canada

Figure F6

Source: Correctional Service Canada.

In 2013-14, information on Temporary Absences (52.4%), Travel Permits (17.8%), and Institutional Location (9.1%) were the most frequent pieces of information about offenders that was provided during a notification to registered victims*.
There has been over a twofold increase in the number of pieces of information provided to registered victims* during notifications from 81,139 in 2009-10 to 192,692 in 2013-14.

Note:

Temporary Absence information includes information on unescorted and escorted temporary absences and work release. Conditional Release information includes information regarding day and full parole, statutory release, suspensions, detention, and long-term supervision orders. Sentencing information includes information on the offender’s sentence, offender information, warrant expiry date, judicial review, and public domain.

Disclosure means a type of information identified in section 26 of the CCRA that has been disclosed to a registered victim during a notification.

As of December 2, 2011 as per Bill S6, Correctional Services Canada now provides information to some victims who are not registered which requires providing information to family members of murdered victims where the offender is still eligible to apply for Judicial Review including when the offender does not apply for a Judicial Review within the allotted time period, as well as the next date the offender can apply. Notification to unregistered victims are excluded for the data.

*In order to register to receive information under section 26 and 142 of the Corrections and Conditional Release Act, a person must meet the definition of a victim that appears in section 2 or subsection 26(3) or 142(3) of the Act. Victims can register with the Correctional Service of Canada or the Parole Board of Canada by completing a Victims Request for Information form, though a signed letter of request can be considered as meeting this requirement.

***New type of information now released to victims as of June 13, 2012 as per Bill C10.

Table F6
Year	2009-10	2010-11	2011-12	2012-13	2013-14
Temporary Absences	49,614	62,702	75,848	93,609	100,945
Travel Permits	9,345	10,136	10,877	28,763	34,296
Institutional Location	5,616	6,993	6,859	14,434	17,546
Program & Disciplinary Offence Information**				11,208	14,780
Conditional Release	6,944	10,353	10,870	11,803	12,313
Sentencing Information	7,758	13,770	16,268	12,813	10,336
Custody	1,862	2,192	2,414	2,569	2,476
Total	81,139	106,146	123,136	175,199	192,692

Source: Data Warehouse, Performance Management: Correctional Service Canada.

Note:

Temporary Absence information includes information on unescorted and escorted temporary absences and work release. Conditional Release information includes information regarding day and full parole, statutory release, suspensions, detention, and long-term supervision orders. Sentencing information includes information on the offender’s sentence, offender information, warrant expiry date, judicial review, and public domain.

Disclosure means a type of information identified in section 26 of the CCRA that has been disclosed to a registered victim during a notification.

As of December 2, 2011 as per Bill S6, Correctional Services Canada now provides information to some victims who are not registered which requires providing information to family members of murdered victims where the offender is still eligible to apply for Judicial Review including when the offender does not apply for a Judicial Review within the allotted time period, as well as the next date the offender can apply. Notification to unregistered victims are excluded for the data.

***New type of information now released to victims as of June 13, 2012 as per Bill C10.

Parole Board of Canada contacts with victims have decreased

Figure F7

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

In 2013-14, the Parole Board of Canada (PBC) had 22,323 contacts* with victims**, a slight decrease of 0.7% (152 fewer contacts) compared to 2012-13. Since 1999-00, there has been a 99.7% increase in the number of contacts with victims by the PBC.
Most of the contacts were with victims of violence, such as victims of sexual assault, or the family members of murdered victims.
The majority of victims surveyed in 2003 and 2009 expressed satisfaction with the quality and timeliness of the information provided by PBC staff.
In 2013-14, victims made 264 presentations at 142 hearings, 10 more presentations than the previous year.

Note:

*A victim contact refers to each time the Parole Board of Canada has contact with a victim by mail, fax, or by telephone.

**Bill C-10 (Safe Streets and Communities Act) , which came into force on June 13, 2012, resulted in changes to the categories of victims defined in section 2 of the CCRA. An actual victim is a person who survived a crime 2(1). If the person is dead, ill or otherwise incapacitated, a) a spouse/common law 2(1)(a), b) a relative/dependant 2(1)(b), c) anyone who is responsible for the care of the person 2(1)(c), d) anyone who is responsible for the care of a dependant of the person 2(1)(d) are considered as victims. If physical or emotional harm was done to a person as a result of the offender's act, whether or not the offender is prosecuted or convicted of the act, and if the person made a complaint to the police or the Crown attorney, the person is recognized as a victim per CCRA 26 (3) and 142(3).

Table F7
Year	Total Number of Contacts*
2004-05	15,479
2005-06	16,711
2006-07	21,434
2007-08	20,457
2008-09	20,039
2009-10	22,181
2010-11	22,483
2011-12	21,449
2012-13	22,475
2013-14	22,323

Source: Parole Board of Canada.

Note:

*A victim contact refers to each time the Parole Board of Canada has contact with a victim by mail, fax, or by telephone.

Bill C-10 (Safe Streets and Communities Act), which came into force on June 13, 2012, resulted in changes to the categories of victims defined in section 2 of the CCRA. An actual victim is a person who survived a crime 2(1). If the person is dead, ill or otherwise incapacitated, a) a spouse/common law 2(1)(a), b) a relative/dependant 2(1)(b), c) anyone who is responsible for the care of the person 2(1)(c), d) anyone who is responsible for the care of a dependant of the person 2(1)(d) are considered as victims. If physical or emotional harm was done to a person as a result of the offender's act, whether or not the offender is prosecuted or convicted of the act, and if the person made a complaint to the police or the Crown attorney, the person is recognized as a victim per CCRA 26(3) and 142(3).

Date modified:: 2022-07-22